Chemistry Chapter 10

Bonding Theories

Models that predict how atoms bond together to form molecules

Lewis Model

A model for a chemical bond in which atoms transfer/share to obtain an octet

Octet

8 electrons around the structure of an atom

Duet

2 atoms around the structure of an atom

Chemical Bond

The sharing/transferring of atoms to attain stable electron configurations among the bonding atoms

Ionic Bond

Metal and nonmetal combine, metal transfers electrons to the nonmetal

Covalent Bond

2 nonmetals combine, they share their electrons between eachother

Bonding Pair

Electrons that are shared between two atoms

Lone Pair

Electrons that are on only one atom

Double Bond

2 electron pairs are shared between 2 atoms

Triple Bond

3 electron pairs that are shared between 2 atoms

Central Atom

Element with the most available bond sites

Resonance Structures

Same formula but able to rearrange the atoms and bonds

VSEPR

Allows the prediction of the shapes of molecules based on the idea that electrons repel each other

Electron Geometry

The geometrical arrangement of the electron groups in a molecule

Electronegativity

The attraction of an atoms nuclear charge for another atoms electrons

Dipole Moment

Separation of charge within a chemical bond, has a positive end and a negative end

Polar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond between atoms of different electronegativities

Nonpolar

A molecule that does not have a dipole moment

Polar

Molecule with polar bonds to create a net dipole moment

Trigonal Planar

Three electron groups get as far as possible from each other (H2CO)

Linear

Two electron groups get as far as possible from each other (CO2)

Tetrahedral

Has four electron groups around the central atom, has four triangular faces (CH4)

Trigonal Pyramidal

Has four electron groups three bonding one lone pair (NH3)

Bent

Three atoms not in a straight line, contains four electron groups (2 bonding, 2 nonbonding) or three electron groups (2 bonding, 1 nonbonding) (H2O)

Lone electron pairs have a high or low repulsion?

High

Repulsion

Between the negative charge of electron groups on the central atom

EN Difference- 0-0.4

Pure Covalent

EN Difference- 0.4-2.0

Polar Covalent

EN Difference- 2.0+

Ionic

What type of bond is formed between F(4.0) and Sr(1.0)?

Ionic

What type of bond is formed between N(3.0) and Cl(3.0)?

Pure Covalent

What type of bond is formed between O(3.5) and N(3)?

Polar Covalent

What Molecular Arrangement is this?

Linear

What Molecular Arrangement is this?

Bent

What Molecular Arrangement is this?

Trigonal planar

What Molecular Arrangement is this?

Trigonal Pyramidal

What Molecular Arrangement is this?

Tetrahedral