16.1 fats and oils

what are lipids

organic molecules belonging to a larger class of biological molecules

where are fats and oils obtained from

plant or animal sources

what state are animal fats in at room temperature and what type of fat are they?

solids at room temp. typically saturated fat

what state are plant oils in at room temperature and what type of fat are they

liquids at room temperature. typically unsaturated fat

differentiate saturated and unsaturated

saturated = single C-C bonds

unsatured = double C=C bonds

describe the structure of fats and oils

consists of large non-polar molecules known as triglycerides

why are triglycerides unable to form H bonds with water

because they are non-polar, therefore oil and fats are insoluble to water

what are triglycerides

synthesised by condensation reaction between a glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

describe the structure of fatty acids

carboxylic acids with chain length of 8+ hydrocarbon

describe the structure of glycerol

small molecule with 3 hydroxyl functional groups

what is the iupac name of glycerol

Propane-1,2,3-triol

how is a triglyceride formed

carboxyl group from fatty acid and hydroxyl from glycerol react (condensation reaction).

forming an ester link to link the 2 moleucles together

water is produced as a byproduct

define saturated fatty acid

single C-C bonds e.g stearic acid

Define mono saturated fatty acids

Contain one C=C double bond in hydrocarbon, e.g oleic acid

define poly saturated acid

more than one C=C double bond in their hydrocarbon chain, e.g linoleic acid in fish and veg oil

what are fats and oils used for

In the food industry and for soaps, and biodiesel