Athens + Sparta

Peloponnesus

Southern Peninsula of Greece

Balkan Peninsula

Mainland Greece

Agoge

Spartan military school

Hoplite

Spartan warrior

Oligarchy

gov’t, a few rule over the entire population – minority ruled the majority

Perioeci

Spartan free men, non citizens, middle class

Helots

Spartan slaves

Ephors

Head of Spartan Govt. led the council, military and educational system; 5 men

Solon

Athenian Reformer - paved the  way for democracy

Cleisthenes

Athenian “Father of Democracy”Created the world’s first Democratic Constitution

Pnyx

meeting hill in Athens

Quorum

minimum # of people required to hold a meeting

Direct Democracy

Political decisions were made directly by all the citizens and policies were decided by majority rule. ex:  Athens

Representative Democracy

A political system in which people elect representatives to make decisions for them ex: USA

Aka Indirect Democracy

Isthmus

Narrow strip of land that connect to larger bodies of land

Tyranny

Government by a single ruler who seizes power; dictatorship

Drachma

Coined currency used in Athens

OBOLS

Iron rod currency used in Sparta