Genetic Code and Translation

Practice flashcards focusing on key concepts related to the genetic code and the translation process.

Translation is the process by which the information in an mRNA is used to synthesize __.

polypeptides which will become proteins.

A protein is a macromolecule based on a or multiple .

polypeptide; polypeptides.

Amino acids are the __ that are connected to form polypeptides.

monomers

The four groups bonded to the alpha-carbon of an amino acid include the amino group, the carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and a __.

variable R group.

The formation of a peptide bond is a synthesis reaction, releasing_.

dehydration; H2O

The unbonded amino group at the end of a polypeptide is called the __.

amino terminus (N terminus).

Higher order structures that make a polypeptide form a protein are called primary, secondary, tertiary, and __ structure.

quaternary.

The difference between a protein and a polypeptide is that proteins have __ order structures.

higher

The genetic code is the relationship between the sequence of a nucleic acid coding sequence and the sequence of the polypeptide.

base; amino acid

A __ is a sequence of three bases that specifies either an amino acid or the termination of translation.

codon.

Stop codons specify the __ of the sequence to be translated.

end.

The genetic code is __, meaning that for most amino acids there is more than one triplet sequence that specifies it.

degenerate.

The start codon AUG also specifies __.

methionine.

The open reading frame is the sequence starting with the start codon and ending with the __.

stop codon.

Aminoacyl tRNA is also called __ tRNA.

charged.

The ribosome is the site of __ synthesis.

protein.

Translation occurs in three phases: __, elongation, and termination.

initiation.

In elongation, an aminoacyl tRNA enters the __ site of the ribosome.

A.

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence pairs with a complementary sequence in the __ which is part of the ribosome.

16S rRNA.

Eukaryotic mRNA are typically __, encoding a single polypeptide.

monocistronic.

The __ sequence surrounds eukaryotic start codons but does not affect the selection of the start codon.

Kozak.