Intelligence & Achievement

Single form of intelligence

that describes a specific ability or capacity in one area, such as logical reasoning, musical talent, or linguistic skills. This concept contrasts with theories suggesting multiple intelligences.

Multiple intelligences

theory proposing that individuals have various types of intelligences, such as interpersonal, intrapersonal, and bodily-kinesthetic, allowing for diverse strengths and talents.

Psychometrics

the field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, including the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.

Standardization

the process of administering a test in a consistent manner to ensure reliability and validity of scores across different populations.

reliable

and consistent measurement of psychological constructs.

valid

the degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Aptitude

is a measure of a person's potential to succeed in a particular task or skill, often assessed through standardized tests.

Achievement

the extent to which a person has acquired skills or knowledge through experience or education.

Eugenics

is a set of beliefs and practices aimed at improving the genetic quality of a population, often through selective breeding and other interventions.

Stereotype threat

is a psychological phenomenon where individuals underperform in tasks due to the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about their social group.

Stereotype lift

the phenomenon where individuals perform better on tasks when they are aware of positive stereotypes about their social group.

Flynn Effect

refers to the observed increase in IQ scores over time across generations, suggesting that environmental factors greatly influence intelligence.

Fixed Mindset

is the belief that abilities and intelligence are static and unchangeable, leading individuals to avoid challenges and give up easily.

Growth Mindset

the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and hard work, leading to a love for learning and resilience.