unit 1/2

columbian exchange

3 primary motivators/context

god, glory, gold

effect of columb exchange

-native pop decline -horse rev -colonists better diet/life expect.

Las Casas - sepuelveda

critique native treatment - opp.

mercantilism

focusing on exporting over importing - econ. system that drove coloniallism

navigation act

only buy/sell goods to brit

molasses act

tax on molasses

salutary neglect

lenient enforcement of tax laws(end after fr/indian war - debt)

spanish

-conquistadors

-intermarry(mestizos)

-encomienda system(indian labor)

- subdued axtec,maya,incas

french

-fur traders

-single men/native ally

-jseuit missions

dutch

-traders

• Settled in New Amsterdam (est. by the Dutch West India Company in 1629)

ernglsih

-econ/relgion

-encorach

new england - chesapeake - southern colonies

purtians/separatists

lojnger life expect.

sugar/tobacco(rolfe)

plantations/agruclt based

rice indigo cotton

VA jamestown - mayflower compact

• first form of self gov

self gov

house of burgessess -

mayflower compact -

fundamental orders - considered the first constitution of the American colonies. Required both property and church membership to vote

SLAVERY

indentured servants more numerous than slaves until after Bacon’s Rebellion (1676).

More slaves were imported to the Indies and South America than to North America. Labor intensive crops [sugar, rice & tobacco] required a large workforce.
Middle Passage - led to the death of ⅕ of slaves

Stono Rebellion -(1739)  slave revolt put down → harsher slave codes implemented

THE GREAT AWAKENING

led to a more populist, democratic way of thinking.

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

FR/INDIAN WAR (1754-1763)

context-

competition between Britain & France for global dominance in previous wars → dispute over territory in North America: French moving south and British moving west into the Ohio River Valley. 

Native Americans side of the French (better relations)

→ The colonies did not share a sense of common identity, so uniting them behind the war was a challenge (evidenced by the Albany Congress of 1754)

DIRECT CAUSE: George Washington sent to protect a British fort & Virginian settlement rights when he ran into French troops. This would escalate to a full declaration of war.

OUTCOME

Treaty of Paris (1763) British - got Canada/everything East of the Mississippi River,

France maintained its colonies in the West Indies

TENSIONS BUILD: British war debt → colonial taxes increased. After Pontiac’s Rebellion(native resist), England issued the Proclamation of 1763 forbidding settlement west of the Appalachians