Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis

used when patient is acutely ill until kidneys resume function and for long-term replacement therapy in CKD and ESKD

Objective of Hemodialysis

is to extract toxic nitrogenous substances from the blood and to remove excess fluid:

⚫Diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration

diffusion

movement of solutes (waste products) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

osmosis

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

ultrafiltration

process whereby water is removed from the blood by means of a pressure gradient between the patient’s blood and the dialysate

Vascular access

Arteriovenous fistula

Arteriovenous graft

Arteriovenous fistula

type of vascular access for dialysis which is created by surgically connecting an artery to a vein

• Stage 4

Arteriovenous graft

type of surgically created vascular access for dialysis by which a piece of biologic, semibiologic, or synthetic graft material connects the patient’s artery to a vein