oceans D

is the great ocean conveyor belt causing a disruption of antartic plunge?

due to warming temps, possibly

what is global warming doing to the antartic

- melting of ice

- less saline and less dense water

- model shows: 40% decline in 30 years

what is the strongest and fastest currents in the world?

antartic circumpolar current

- keeps it frozen!!

are marine food chains longer than terrestrial?

yes

terrestrial is rarely longer than

4 lengths

marine food chain length

average: 5-6

max: 10

why is the marine food chain length so high?

- algae is easier to eat

- smaller size difference between trophic levels

- ectotherms are marine consumers, less energy

POM role in marine

- produced in surface layer by algae

- detrital particles

- filter feeders concentrate --> fecal pellets

- quickly recycles in surface oceans

- surface has 50-1000 mgC/L

POM is the

basal resource of deep ocean layers

vertical migrations ____ POM down

pump

- organic material to deeper levels

- surface has less nutrients

marine mammal decline may be impacting

nutrient disruption rates

- horizontal movement capacity

- vertical P transport

top predator: tuna

- big

- found in aggregations

- major re-distributors of nutrients and OC

top predator: toothed whales

- huge

- feed near surface

- dive to mesopalegic zone and feed on lanternfish

top predator: sperm whale

- cold, deep water

- eat squid

- max= 3000m

top predator: baleen whales

- filter feeders and shallow divers

- long annual migrations

- eat small fish, krill, larger invertebrates

ocean habitats lack

physical structure which causes hot spot activity

what are some examples of biogenic habitats in ocean?

- whales (barnacles)

- jellyfish (juv and amphipods)

- sharks (cleaner fish)

how do species live in midnight zone

- vibratory sensors

- chemo sensors

- have eyes (bioluminescent)

- are darker colors to absorb light