Week 5 ish

Nationalism

A major political movement in the 1800s characterized by a sense of national pride and identity.

Country examples of 19th-century nationalism

Countries like Italy, Germany, and Belgium emerged from nationalist movements.

Dominant musical style of the 19th century

A blend of European classical genres with local character.

Inspiration behind Latin America's independence movements

The U.S. independence from Britain inspired these movements.

Goal of Latin American revolutionaries

To establish republics free from Spanish and Portuguese rule.

Events of the 1820s in Latin America

Wars for freedom led to most colonies gaining independence except Cuba and Puerto Rico.

Method of Brazil's independence

Brazil gained independence peacefully while the Portuguese monarchy fled Napoleon.

Impact of Spanish rule on Mexico

A lasting influence on language, religion, and culture.

U.S. interest in Northern Mexico

Motivated by the desire to expand slavery.

Battle of Puebla

A significant battle that took place on May 5, 1862.

Outcome of the Mexican-American War (1846-1848)

The U.S. provoked war, resulting in Mexico losing 40% of its territory.

Manuel Ponce (1882-1948)

A Mexican composer and pianist known for pioneering late-Romantic and early Modern music.

Ponce's incorporation of Mexican culture

He studied in Paris and imitated local mexican music in his compositions.

Concierto del Sur

Known for its nationalist elements, featuring Mexican guitar and Spanish harmonies.

By Manuel Ponce

Andres Segovia (1893-1987)

A guitarist and close friend of Ponce who interpreted his works.

Carlos Chávez (1899-1978)

Leading 20th-century Mexican composer and a student of Ponce.

Ponce’s Student

Chávez's musical style

Celebrated Mexico’s indigenous culture in his compositions.

Sinfonia India

A symphony incorporating Native melodies and indigenous instruments. Composed in NY in (1953)

By Carlos Chavez

Silvestre Revueltas (1899- 1940)

Mexican Composer known for avant-garde, experimental works with cultural influences.

Sensemaya

A programmatic work representing an Afro-Cuban ritual. Heavy use of percussion.

Title from Cuban Poet- Nicolas Guillen

By Silvestre Revueltas

Musical techniques in Sensemaya

Characterized by irregular rhythms, syncopation, unique timbres, and heavy percussion.

Salvador Ley (1907-1985)

A Guatemalan composer and pianist who studied in Berlin.

La Balada del tiempo mozo

A song reflecting on misspent youth, inspired by Guatemalan folk music.

Art Song

By Salvador Ley

Cuba's independence date

Cuba gained independence in 1898 following Spain’s war with the U.S.

Post-independence Cuba

After independence, the U.S. maintained control for economic interests.

Cuban Revolution of 1959

A significant event led by Fidel Castro that changed Cuba's government.

Ernesto Lecuona (1895-1963)

A Cuban pianist, composer, and bandleader.

La Conga de Media Noche

A piece representing Afro-Cuban rhythms and dance associated with Carnival.

By Ernesto Lecuona

Nationalism in music

Incorporating elements of national identity into musical compositions.

Modernism

A movement that blends innovation with traditional influences.

Folklore

The preservation of cultural expressions preceding capitalist influences.

Folklorization

The process of turning organic cultural practices into staged representations.

Expression of nationalism in Latin American music

Through local instruments, rhythms, and folk elements within classical genres.

Indigenism

A movement that emphasizes Indigenous culture in Latin America.

Primitivism in music

A style that highlights primitive and elemental characteristics, often with strong rhythms.