Studied by 6 people
Hobbes
Humans are self-interested & constantly want more power In the "state of nature" (without a strong govt.) people will engage in acts similar to civil war. Religion = source of war (Sovereign over religion) Without a strong government, people will be violent and life will be nasty, brutish and short People must give up their natural rights in order to live peaceful, safe, prosperous lives. Social Contract to do this.
Locke
Everyone has natural rights - life liberty property which cannot be taken away. Social Contract between people and sovereign - govt has to protect natural rights or else breaks social contract and people can form a new govt Wants representative govt like parliament however only men of property and business - people without property are unfit for govt
Montesquieu
Religious tolerance by the govt and people because it starts wars and violence Govt: Did not like absolute monarchy and wanted limited monarchy or elected govt/ republic. People should use their morality and public interests to participate in govt which is put above individual interests Three balancing branches in govt Legislative Executive and Judicial
Rousseau
People are born good and in state of nature they would be happy and peaceful Government type: Direct democracy or a freely elected government/ republic but this could be corrupt Monarchy corrupts people's natural goodness and even a republic is bad. Each person individually should vote on everything to make good decisions. Self ruling = free Presidents can be elected to enforce laws
Wollstonecraft
Women should have more rights than they do. Women are not inferior by nature the govt is just suppressing them. Women's first goal is to be a good mother. Govt: not abs monarch - tyranny of men is bad because they never give women a chance. Women should have a say in govt. Education: Equal for women and men so that women can prove themselves. Also for the poor - everyone.
Voltaire
Govt: Did not like democracy because people are not to be trusted - wanted one enlightened monarch not absolute with philosophers to help him but no nobles - civil rights and right to a fair trial. Religion: Separation of church and state because church is unrelated to govt
Adam Smith
Govt: The govt does not interfere with economy. However govt should protect society Economy: The market should be free with natural forces of supply and demand. Also a free enterprise system where businesses can compete.
Who supported a republic or limited monarchy?
Montesquieu and Locke
Who wanted an absolute monarch?
Hobbes
Who wanted a democracy?
Rosseau
Who wanted an enlightened monarch?
Voltaire
Who wanted womens rights?
Wollstonecraft
Who wanted a free enterprise system?
Adam Smith
Who wrote The Leviathan?
Hobbes
Who wrote Two Treatises of Government?
Locke
Who wrote Persian Letters?
Montesquieu
Who wrote The Social Contract?
Rousseau
Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women?
Wollstonecraft
Who wrote A Treaty on Toleration?
Voltaire
Who wrote The Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
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Flashcard (35)