CHILD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Psychological disorders

Patterns of behavioral, emotional, cognitive, or physical symptoms associated with distress and impairment.

Multifinality

Same starting point leads to different outcomes.

Equifinality

Different starting points lead to the same outcome.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Early trauma that strongly predicts mental health problems, substance abuse, and physical illness.

Protective factors

Positive elements such as strong coping skills and supportive environments that help mitigate risk.

Attachment Theory

Theory that discusses how attachment styles formed in early childhood (secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganized) affect future psychological health.

Assessment purposes

To describe, diagnose, predict (prognosis), and guide treatment.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

Deficits in intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, and onset before age 18.

Severity Levels of ID

Categories of intellectual disability: Mild (85%), Moderate (10%), Severe (3–4%), Profound (1–2%).

Early intervention

Key approach in treatment for delays and disabilities to enhance development.

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)

Discrepancy between IQ and achievement in areas such as reading, writing, and math.

ADHD

Persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity causing impairment.

Prosocial lie

A lie told to benefit someone else, such as telling someone you like a gift when you don't.

Executive Function

Cognitive processes that include working memory and inhibitory control.

Theory of Mind (ToM)

The ability to understand others' mental states and perspectives.

Big Takeaway from the Prosocial Lie-Telling Study

Prosocial lying is linked to cognitive and social development, including working memory and perspective-taking abilities.