Science - Unit 2 Quiz

Genetics

The study of genes and heredity

Heredity

The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring.

Homozygous recesive

The genotype of an organism with two recessive alleles

Homozygous dominant

The genotype of an organism with two dominant alleles

Heterozygous

The genotype of an organism with two different alleles

Allele

The alternative form or versions of a gene

Gene

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Fertilization

A process when egg and sperm join.

Phenotype

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment

Genotype

The organism genetic makeup

Punnet Square

Tool that helps to identift allelic combination

75%

The probability of 3 out of 4 outcomes

50%

The probability of 2 out of 4 outcomes

25%

The probability of 1 out of 4 outcomes

100%

The probability of 4 out of 4 outcomes

0%

The probability of 0 out of 4 outcomes

Hybrid

The same as Heterozygous

Purebred

The same as Homozygous

Dominant allele

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when it is present.

Recesive allele

Allele that is often hidden or overshadowed by dominant allele

Gregor Mendel

Known as the father of modern genetics, he discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance

Interphase

The first main stage of the cell cycle

Interphase events

The period before cell division that cells grow, copy their DNA and prepare to divide into two cells

Mitosis

The second main stage of the cell cycle

Prophase

Stage of mitosis that condensates nuclear genetic material

Anaphase

Stage of mitosis that chromosomes break up and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell

Metaphase

Stage of mitosis that the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate

Telophase

Stage of mitosis that the chromosomes are at the ends of the cells and new nuclei are forming