Lecture Notes on Infectious Diseases and Antibiotics

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to infectious diseases such as Varicella-Zoster Virus, Smallpox, Yellow Fever, and principles of antibiotic resistance.

What virus causes chicken pox?

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

When was the chicken pox vaccine introduced?

In 1995

What serious condition can develop from chicken pox later in life?

Shingles

How is chicken pox typically transmitted?

Through respiratory transmissions like coughing and sneezing.

What percentage of people with chicken pox may develop shingles?

15-20%

What should not be given to children who have chicken pox?

Aspirin, as it can cause Reye's syndrome.

How high is the mortality rate for chicken pox?

It has a low mortality rate.

What virus was completely eradicated due to vaccination?

Smallpox

What is the primary method of smallpox transmission?

Human to human transmission.

What are the symptoms of smallpox?

High fever, malaise, and rash.

Who typically receives the smallpox vaccine?

Individuals in the military or those at high risk.

What is the estimated fatality rate for Ebola?

Fatal in 90% of cases.

What was Yellow Fever historically associated with in the US?

The Louisiana Purchase and major deaths.

What mosquito-borne illness killed thousands in the US 100 years ago?

Yellow Fever.

What is a significant challenge in antibiotic production?

Bacteria developing resistance.

How do some bacteria evade antibiotics?

By pumping them out or breaking them down.

What is selective toxicity in relation to antibiotics?

It means that antibiotics are harmful to bacteria but not to humans.

What is an opportunistic infection?

An infection that takes advantage of a weakened immune system.