period 5 cause and effects

belief in u.s. divine right to expand westward

led to mexican-american war, sectional tensions over slavery

border disputes, annexation of texas, desire for california

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo; new land intensified slavery debate

attempt to ban slavery in land from mexico (wilmot proviso)

increased sectional divisions; failed to pass senate

tensions over slavery in new territories

california=free, fugitive slave act strengthened, popular sovereignty in new territoriesintensified sectional conflict; contributed to the Civil War.

desire to build transcontinental railroad; repeal of missouri compromise

“bleeding kansas”, rise of republican party increased violence and political upheaval over slavery issues in Kansas and Nebraska.

lincoln’s platform opposed slavery’s expansion

south secedes → civil war begins

civil war

union preserved; slavery abolished

emancipation proclamation

changed war aim to ending slavery; allowed black men to fight for the union

freedmen’s bureau

helped formerly enslaved people adjust, though underfunded and short-lived

black codes and jim crow

southern laws restricted african americans depsite formal freedoms

compromise of 1877

ended reconstruction; federal troops removed from south → rise of segregation

sharecropping and tenant farming

economic dependence that trapped many freedmen in poverty