WorldHistory_Unit6_Holocaust

Militarism-Japan

Built a strong military to dominate/takeover Asia

Militarism-Italy

Used their military to expand their empire

Militarism-Germany

Rebuilt their military even though the Treaty of Versailles didn't allow them too

Nationalism-Japan

Believed they were the superior Asian race (like Hitler and the Nazi's)

Nationalism-Germany

The thought of ethnic nationalism, that the Aryan race was superior and because of that needed to expand their territory or "Living Space".

Nationalism-Italy

Mussolini had this vision of restoring Italy into this great country that it was in the days of the Roman Empire

Imperialism-Japan

Invaded Manchuria (1931), and China (1937), took their resources

Imperialism-Italy

Took and conquered Ethiopia (1935) and Albania (1939)

Imperialism-Germany

Took Austria, Sudetenland, and invaded Poland later on

Fascism-Japan

Military dictatorship led by Emperor Hirohito

Fascism-Germany

Nazi regime led by Hitler

Fascism-Italy

Mussolini’s entire fascist ruling

Fascism-Definition

Fascism is the system of ruling where the nation is prioritized over the individual, who exists to serve the nation

Imperialism-Definition

a policy or practice where a powerful country extends its power and influence over other countries, often through political, economic, or military control

Militarism-Definition

A belief that a country should have a strong military and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote its interests

Nationalism-Definition

A strong feeling of pride and loyalty to one’s nation, often accompanied by a belief in its superiority and a desire for its interest to come first

Why were these nations (Japan, Germany, and Italy) angry about the outcome of the TREATY OF VERAILLES and how did this help to fuel WWII-JAPAN

Japan wasn't happy because they wanted to feel like equals to the other more developed countries and to do so they wanted more land. They were also promised land and weren't super happy with the land that they ended up with because instead of having this vast empire, now they just had a bunch of useless little islands.

Why wasn’t GERMANY happy with the outcome of the TREATY OF VERSAILLES and how did it help fuel WWII

They had to pay lots of money in reparations for the war, along with cutting back on their military.

Why were these nations (Japan, Germany, and Italy) angry about the outcome of the TREATY OF VERAILLES and how did this help to fuel WWII-ITALY

Like Japan, they were expecting to receive more land than they actually did. This made them feel betrayed and made Mussolini aggressive in taking other's land, because if it wasn't going to be given to him he was gonna take it.

What was the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis (Tripartite Pact)

An alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII

What did the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis (Tripartite Pact) do

They strengthened their military power by uniting against common enemies

How was the world divided into a sphere of influence for GERMANY

Dominated Europe

How was the world divided into a sphere of influence for ITALY

Controlled the Mediterranean

How was the world divided into a sphere of influence for JAPAN

Expanded through Asia

Why was the Tripartite Pact important

It escalated WWII by turning it into a global conflict, made defeating the Axis Powers more challenging because they were stronger together

What were the two fronts the Tripartite Pact forced the Allies to fight on

Pacific and European Fronts

Who waged war on the Pacific Front

Japan

Who waged war on the European Front

Germany and Italy

Who where The Big Three

Churchill (UK), Roosevelt (U.S.), and Stalin (USSR)

What was the Atlantic Charter

The agreement between the U.S. and the UK that outlined their goals for after the war

What was the European Theater

Refers to where the world war was fought in Europe and North Africa

Axis (Nazi and Fascist Italy) Advances/Expansion and acts of Aggression- 1936

Germany sent troops into the Rhineland

Axis (Nazi and Fascist Italy) Advances/Expansion and acts of Aggression- 1938

Anschluss (union) with Austria (Nazi’s)

Axis (Nazi and Fascist Italy) Advances/Expansion and acts of Aggression- 1939

Invasion of Poland, WWII breaks out

Axis (Nazi and Fascist Italy) Advances/Expansion and acts of Aggression- 1940

Blitzkrieg attacks (lightning war, combined air and infantry power), Germany conquers France

Axis (Nazi and Fascist Italy) Advances/Expansion and acts of Aggression- 1941

Germany invades the USSR (Operation Barbarossa)

Sending Military into the Rhineland

Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles

Anschluss with Austria

Germany took control of Austria without any resistance

Appeasement and the Munich Conference

UK and France let Germany take Sudetenland

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Germany and USSR agreed not to attack each other (too messy and agreed to split Poland)

Blitzkrieg

"Lightning war", used to quickly defeat enemies, combined infantry and air power

Sitzkrieg/Phony War

A part of the war where there was no action at all

Failure of Maginot Line

Germany gets past France's defenses

Operation Barbarossa

Germany's failed invasion of the Soviet Union

Miracle of Dunkirk

Civilians rescued allied soldiers (French)

Cracking of Enigma

Britain cracked Germany's Enigma code which let us in on Nazi plans and led to many victories because of it

Battle of Britain/London Blitz

The British Royal Air Force (RAF) defended Britain from German air attacks (Luftwaffe) which prevented German invasion

Who surrounded Germany’s army at Stalingrad

The Soviet Armyt

Who was involved in the Invasion of Italy (Major Turning Points in WWII European Theater)

The U.S., UK, Canada, unconquered France, and Italian resistance fighters

Who did D-Day (Major Turning Points in WWII European Theater) invovle

This included allied forces

Pacific Theater- Definition

The major battles and campaigns fought between the Allied forces and the Empire of Japan in the Pacific Ocean, East Asia, and Southeast Asia

Island-hopping strategy

The Allies captured strategically important islands to establish bases, slowly moving closer to mainland Japan

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Japan's vision of Asian domination free of Western influence, Japan used it to exploit other nations for their resources

Invasion of Manchuria (1931)

Japan invaded Manchuria, then created a puppet stated known as Manchukuo and put it under Emperor Puyi in 1931

Invasion of China (1937)

In 1937, Japan launched bigger invasions on China and took major cities like Beijing and Shanghai. Japan did this for natural resources (coal, iron, and oil)

Rape of Nanking

Brutally murdered 200,000-300,000 civilians and prisoners, most of whom were totured and raped before hand.

Conquest of Philippines

Japan invaded the Philippines which forced US and Filipino soldiers to surrender

Bataan Death March

Forced 60,000-80,000 POWs to march 65 miles under inhospitable conditions, many of whom died from exhaustion, starvation, or Japanese soldiers simply executing them.

Conquest of Southeast Asia and Pacific

Japan took Hong Kong, Malaysia, Burma, Indonesia, and many Pacific islands. To control them they used harsh military ruling and control. Targeted Indonesia because it had rich oil resources.

Pearl Harbor

Japan sent out a surprise attack on the US Pacific Fleet in Hawaii. They destroyed many of our ships and aircraft while killing over 2400 americans. Pushes US to enter WWII the next day.

Doolittle’s Raid

It was a small bombing raid from US new aircraft technology. Not much significance strategy wise, it didn't do much harm, more so of payback to Japan for Pearl Harbor.

Battle of Coral Sea

It was important for the US to fight off the Japanese from taking Australia because if they did we wouldn't have any midway/stopping point between Midway Island and Asia where we were fighting. The US was successful.

Battle of Midway

We won this battle with an ambush, it was important because it was the turning point of the Pacific War. We were able to do this because the U.S. Navy cracked Japan's naval code.

Battle of Guadalcanal

It was the US first major offensive move in the Pacific. 40,000 men were killed, 30,000 of which were Japanese.

Battle of Saipan and Tinian

It would put Japan in range for American bombers to bomb them. The Japanese were no longer surrendering though, they would fight to the death or commit mass suicide if winning wasn't possible.

Battle of Okinawa

This was the first war fought in the Japanese homeland. The resistance was brutal, and there were rumors spreading around that they were only at 60 % readiness, imagine if they were at 100 %.

Operation Downfall

We planned an invasion with Operation Downfall, but decided it was too much of a risk and nothing was secured

A-Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

We decided to use our atomic bombs and bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending the war.

Where did Allied troops land for the the Invasion of Italy

Allies landed in Sicily and from there invaded into mainland Italy, leading to Mussolini's downfall

When did Germany stop fighting in the Invasion of Italy

1945

Where did Allied troops land on D-Day

the beaches of Normandy

Why did D-Day occur

To liberate and free France from Nazi’s

Who faced the worst resistance on D-Day

the U.S. on Omaha beach, but we still won

What was the bloodiest battle of WWII

Stalingrad

What marked the beginning of Germany’s downfall on the Eastern European front

Stalingrad

What were the Tokyo War Crimes Trials

trials held to persecute Japanese leaders and their involvement in WWII

Where were the Tokyo War Crimes Trials held

They were held in Tokyo

What were the Nuremberg Trials

trails held to persecute Nazi leaders and officials for their part in WWII

What is the United Nations

an international organization created after WWII to uphold peace globally and address different world issues

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

It’s a document that outlines the basic human rights of everyone that should be upheld everywhere

Major turning points in WWII in the Pacific theater

Doolittle’s Raid, Battle of Coral Sea, Battle of Midway, Battle of Guadalacanal, Battle of Saipan and Tinian, Battle of Okinawa, Operation Downfall and A-Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Japanese Expansion and Acts of Aggression

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Invasion of Manchuria then all of China, Rape of Nanking, Conquest of Philippines, Bataan Death March, Conquest of Southeast Asia and Pacific, Pearl Harbor

Major turning points in WWII in the European theater

Miracle of Dunkirk, Cracking of Enigma, Battle of Britain, London Blitz, Stalingrad, Invasion of Italy, D-Day

German and Italy Acts of Aggression

Sending Military into the Rhineland, Anschluss with Austria, Appeasement and Munich Conference, Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Blitzkrieg, Sitzkrieg/Phony War, Failure of Maginot Line, Operation Barbarossa