URETERIC CONSTRICTIONS (2)

Proximal Ureter

• Renal Artery

• Located Medially

Middle Ureter

• Abdominal Aorta/ Common iliac artery

• Located Posteriorly

Distal Ureter

• Superior Vasical Artery (branch of Internal iliac artery)

Located Laterally

Inner Mucosa

• Transitional epithelium and surrounding lamina propia

Middle muscular layer

• Bands of smooth muscle that create peristaltic wave to move urine to the bladder

Outer Connective Tissue

Continuous with the fibrous capsule and peritoneum

Urinary Bladder

• Anchored to the pelvic pubic bones by supporting ligaments

• Posterior, inferior, and anterior surfaces outside the peritoneal cavity

Lateral umbilical ligaments

Vestiges of the umbilical arteries

Rugae

Folds in the bladder lining that disappear expansion as the bladder fills

Ureteric orifices

Slitlike shape helps prevent backflow of urine into ureters with bladder contraction

Ureters

penetrate the posterior bladder wall at an oblique angle

Trigone

The triangular area bounded by the ureteral openings and the entrance to the urethra 

Neck of the urinary bladder

surrounds the urethral opening and contains a muscular internal urethral sphincter