6.2 THE NEW SOUTH

list leading industries in south in late 19th century, explain factors that suppressed industrial growth, explain reasons for poverty in south, George Washington Carver, Booker T, and WEB Du Bois contributions. Obstacles contributing to blocking black voters.

the “new south” vision

self sufficient economy:

capitalist values

industrial growth

modernized transportation

improved race relations

Birmingham, AL

steel

Memphis, tn

lumber

richmond va

tobacco

ga, NC, sc

textiles

Obstackes to industrial growth

northern financing

lack of adequate education

George Washington Carver

scientist

promoted crop rotation

peanuts, sweet potatoes, soy beans

what was farmers southern alliance/colored farmer national alliance?

formed to fight corporate, railroad, and banking exploitation of farmers. It promoted cooperative buying/selling, championed the "free silver" movement, and sought to curb economic decline by advocating for government regulation, setting the stage for the Populist Party.

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896

seperate facilities allowed as long as “equal” (Louisiana)

Booker T. Washington

• Philosophy: Washington believed in gradual equality, focusing on vocational skills (agriculture, mechanics) to build economic power before demanding social or political rights.

• Atlanta Compromise (1895): A famous speech advocating for temporary acceptance of Jim Crow, arguing that Black progress should come through manual labor and economic advancement

  .

• Tuskegee Institute: Founded in Alabama in 1881 to train Black teachers and workers in industrial skills.

W.E.B Du Bois

• Opposition to Booker T. Washington: Du Bois argued against Washington's approach, which he felt accepted segregation, disfranchisement (poll taxes/literacy tests), and second-class citizenship.

• "Talented Tenth": Du Bois believed an elite 10% of educated Black leaders (trained in the humanities, not just vocational skills) would lead the race toward equality.

• Double Consciousness: A core concept he developed to describe the internal conflict of being both Black and American in a segregated society.

• Civil Rights Organizations: He was a leader in the Niagara Movement (1905) and a founder of the NAACP (1909).

• The Souls of Black Folk: His landmark 1903 work that critiqued the status quo and the lack of political rights for Black people.

Du Bois was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard and later edited The Crisis, the NAACP's journal.

Ida B. Wells

• Anti-Lynching Campaign: She was the leading voice against lynching in the South, publishing statistics that revealed lynching was used to control or punish Black individuals who competed with whites.

• Journalism as Resistance: As a journalist and newspaper editor, she challenged the "New South" narrative by exposing the brutality of racial violence.

• Economic Protest: She urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcars or shop in white-owned stores.

• NAACP Connection: Although the NAACP was founded in 1909 (Period 7), she is recognized for her early work that laid the foundation for the organization.

Bishop Henry Turner

Formed international Migration Society 1894 to help Black people move to Africa