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Momentum
A property of moving objects calculated as the product of mass and velocity.
Impulse
The change in momentum of an object, calculated as the product of force and the time duration the force is applied.
Conservation of Momentum
A principle stating that if no external force acts on a system, the total momentum remains constant.
Elastic Collisions
Collisions where objects bounce off each other without losing energy.
Inelastic Collisions
Collisions where objects stick together, and some kinetic energy is transformed into other forms of energy.
Work
The transfer of energy by a force acting over a distance, calculated as the product of force and distance.
Power
The rate at which work is done, calculated as work divided by time.
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion, calculated as 1/2 times mass times the velocity squared.
Potential Energy
Stored energy due to position, calculated as mass times gravitational acceleration times height.
Efficiency
A measure of how much useful work is obtained from a given energy input, expressed as a percentage.
Work-Energy Theorem
The net work done on an object results in a change in its kinetic energy.
Momentum vs. Kinetic Energy
Momentum is a vector quantity dependent on direction; kinetic energy is a scalar that represents the energy of motion.
Impulse-Momentum Relationship
The impulse applied to an object equals the change in momentum of the object.
SI Unit of Work
Joule (J), defined as one newton-meter.
SI Unit of Power
Watt (W), where 1 W is equal to 1 J/s.
Net Work Done
The total work done on an object after taking into account the work done against friction or other opposing forces.
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