Acid-Base and Neutralization Reactions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to acid-base and neutralization reactions discussed in the lecture.

Acid-Base Reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.

Products of Neutralization

The products of an acid-base reaction are typically a salt and water.

Spectator Ion

Ions that do not participate in the reaction and remain unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation.

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that shows only the species that actually participate in the reaction.

Weak Acid Behavior

Weak acids do not fully dissociate into ions, unlike strong acids.

Balanced Equation

An equation where the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides.

Total Ionic Equation

An equation that shows all of the ions present in the reaction, including spectator ions.

Liquid Water Phase

Water in the liquid state is denoted as H₂O (l).

General Rules for Soluble Ionic Compounds:

1. Always Soluble:

   • Compounds containing alkali metal ions (Li+Li+ , Na+Na+ , K+K+ , Rb+Rb+ , Cs+Cs+ )

   • Compounds containing ammonium ion (NH4+NH4+​ )

   • Compounds containing nitrate ion (NO3−NO3−​ )

   • Compounds containing acetate ion (CH3COO−CH3​COO− )

   • Compounds containing perchlorate ion (ClO4−ClO4−​ )

2. Generally Soluble with Exceptions:

   • Chlorides (Cl−Cl− ), Bromides (Br−Br− ), Iodides (I−I− ): Soluble, except when paired with silver (Ag+Ag+ ), lead (Pb2+Pb2+ ), or mercury(I) (Hg22+Hg22+​ ).

   • Sulfates (SO42−SO42−​ ): Soluble, except when paired with barium (Ba2+Ba2+ ), lead (Pb2+Pb2+ ), strontium (Sr2+Sr2+ ), or calcium (Ca2+Ca2+ ).

General Rules for Insoluble Ionic Compounds:

. Generally Insoluble with Exceptions:
- Hydroxides (OH−OH−): Insoluble, except when paired with alkali metal ions (Li+Li+, Na+Na+, K+K+, Rb+Rb+, Cs+Cs+), barium (Ba2+Ba2+), strontium (Sr2+Sr2+), or calcium (Ca2+Ca2+).

- Sulfides (S2−S2−): Insoluble, except when paired with alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions (Group 2), or ammonium (NH4+NH4+). - Carbonates (CO32−CO32−), Phosphates (PO43−PO43−​): Insoluble, except when paired with alkali metal ions or ammonium ($$NH