Heart Anatomy and Coronary Circulation (Vocabulary flashcards)

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key heart anatomy, surfaces, borders, chambers, valves, and coronary circulation based on the notes.

What is the pericardium?

Membrane enclosing the heart in the middle mediastinum; consists of a fibrous outer layer and a serous inner layer.

A. The main pumping chamber of the heart.
B. A blood vessel supplying nutrients to the heart muscle.
C. Membrane enclosing the heart in the middle mediastinum; consists of a fibrous outer layer and a serous inner layer.
D. A layer of cardiac muscle tissue responsible for contraction.

Your Answer: C

Which of the following best describes the fibrous pericardium?

Tough, dense connective tissue layer that attaches to the diaphragm and sternum.

A. A thin, delicate inner layer.
B. Tough, dense connective tissue layer that attaches to the diaphragm and sternum.
C. A muscular ridge in the right atrium.
D. A venous sinus collecting blood from the heart wall.

Your Answer: B

What is the characteristic of the serous pericardium?

Thinner, more delicate layer inside the fibrous pericardium.

A. A tough, dense connective tissue layer.
B. Thinner, more delicate layer inside the fibrous pericardium.
C. The outer protective layer of the heart valves.
D. A chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood.

Your Answer: B

Which chambers primarily form the anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart?

Right atrium and right ventricle.

A. Left atrium and left ventricle.
B. Right atrium and right ventricle.
C. Right and left ventricles only.
D. Left atrium and four pulmonary veins.

Your Answer: B

Which chamber primarily forms the apex of the heart?

Left ventricle.

A. Right ventricle.
B. Left atrium.
C. Left ventricle.
D. Right atrium.

Your Answer: C

What is anatomically considered the "base of the heart"?

Posterior surface of the heart.

A. The pointed, inferior end.
B. The superior surface where great vessels exit.
C. The anterior surface facing the sternum.
D. Posterior surface of the heart.

Your Answer: D

The right border of the heart primarily faces which structure?

The right lung.

A. The left lung.
B. The sternum.
C. The right lung.
D. The diaphragm.

Your Answer: C

Which term is synonymous with the left border of the heart?

Pulmonary border.

A. Pulmonary border.
B. Superior border.
C. Inferior border.
D. Right border.

Your Answer: A

What anatomical feature characterizes the superior border of the heart?

The roots of the great vessels.

A. The left ventricle and part of the left atrium.
B. The roots of the great vessels.
C. The right atrium and right ventricle.
D. The posterior surface of the heart.

Your Answer: B

Which chambers primarily form the inferior border of the heart?

Right ventricle and the apical part of the left ventricle.

A. Left atrium and left ventricle.
B. Right atrium and right ventricle.
C. Right ventricle and the apical part of the left ventricle.
D. Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.

Your Answer: C

What is the function of systemic circulation?

Transports blood to and from all body tissues.

A. Carries blood to and from the lungs.
B. Supplies arterial blood to the heart muscle.
C. Transports blood to and from all body tissues.
D. Drains deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle.

Your Answer: C

What is the primary role of pulmonary circulation?

Carries blood to and from the lungs.

A. Carries blood to and from the lungs.
B. Transports blood to and from all body tissues.
C. Supplies blood to the brain.
D. Drains blood from the abdominal organs.

Your Answer: A

How many chambers does the human heart possess, and what are their primary functions?

Four chambers: two atria (receiving) and two ventricles (pumping).

A. Two chambers: one atrium and one ventricle.
B. Three chambers: two atria and one ventricle.
C. Four chambers: two atria (receiving) and two ventricles (pumping).
D. Six chambers: three atria and three ventricles.

Your Answer: C

What are auricles in the context of the heart?

Wrinkled pouches found on the anterior surface of each atrium.

A. Muscular ridges in the ventricles.
B. Wrinkled pouches found on the anterior surface of each atrium.
C. Valves that prevent backflow of blood.
D. Grooves containing coronary vessels.

Your Answer: B

What is the primary function of the sulci (grooves) on the external surface of the heart?

They mark boundaries between heart chambers and contain coronary vessels and fat.

A. They pump blood out of the heart.
B. They receive deoxygenated blood from the body.
C. They mark boundaries between heart chambers and contain coronary vessels and fat.
D. They form the internal walls of the ventricles.

Your Answer: C

Where is the coronary sulcus located?

A deep groove encircling the heart, marking the boundary between the atria and ventricles.

A. On the anterior surface between the ventricles.
B. A deep groove encircling the heart, marking the boundary between the atria and ventricles.
C. On the posterior surface between the ventricles.
D. Inside the right atrium.

Your Answer: B

Which artery is typically found in the anterior interventricular sulcus?

Anterior interventricular (LAD) artery.

A. Posterior interventricular artery.
B. Circumflex branch.
C. Anterior interventricular (LAD) artery.
D. Marginal branch.

Your Answer: C

Where is the posterior interventricular artery located?

In the posterior interventricular sulcus.

A. In the coronary sulcus.
B. In the posterior interventricular sulcus.
C. In the anterior interventricular sulcus.
D. Running between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle.

Your Answer: B

Which of these structures is found within the right atrium?

Pectinate muscles and fossa ovalis.

A. Pectinate muscles and fossa ovalis.
B. Chordae tendineae and moderator band.
C. Bicuspid valve and four pulmonary veins.
D. Aortic valve and ascending aorta.

Your Answer: A

Where are pectinate muscles primarily found?

In the rough anterior wall of the right atrium.

A. On the inner surface of the ventricles.
B. In the rough anterior wall of the right atrium.
C. Within the left ventricle, attached to chordae tendineae.
D. Separating the smooth and rough walls of the right atrium.

Your Answer: B

What is the function of the crista terminalis in the right atrium?

A muscular ridge separating the smooth posterior wall from the rough anterior wall.

A. An oval depression on the interatrial septum.
B. A muscular ridge separating the smooth posterior wall from the rough anterior wall.
C. Wrinkled pouches on the anterior surface of the atrium.
D. Connects valve cusps to papillary muscles.

Your Answer: B

The fossa ovalis is a remnant of which fetal structure?

Foramen ovale.

A. Ductus arteriosus.
B. Foramen ovale.
C. Ductus venosus.
D. Umbilical vein.

Your Answer: B

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

A. Between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
B. Between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
C. Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
D. Between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Your Answer: B

Which of the following structures is characteristic of the right ventricle?

Moderator band.

A. Fossa ovalis.
B. Moderator band.
C. Four pulmonary veins.
D. Bicuspid valve.

Your Answer: B

What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

Tendonlike cords connecting valve cusps to papillary muscles, preventing valve prolapse.

A. Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles.
B. Tendonlike cords connecting valve cusps to papillary muscles, preventing valve prolapse.
C. Muscular ridges in the right atrium.
D. Valve cusps themselves.

Your Answer: B

What are trabeculae carneae?

Ridges of cardiac muscle on the inner surface of the ventricles.

A. Smooth areas on the atrial walls.
B. Ridges of cardiac muscle on the inner surface of the ventricles.
C. Tendonlike cords attached to valve cusps.
D. Outpouchings on the atria.

Your Answer: B

What is the primary role of the papillary muscles in the ventricles?

Connect to chordae tendineae to prevent valve prolapse during ventricular contraction.

A. Pump blood into the systemic circulation.
B. Connect to chordae tendineae to prevent valve prolapse during ventricular contraction.
C. Receive deoxygenated blood from the body.
D. Separate the atria from the ventricles.

Your Answer: B

In which heart chamber is the moderator band found?

Right ventricle.

A. Left ventricle.
B. Right atrium.
C. Right ventricle.
D. Left atrium.

Your Answer: C

From which major vessels does the right atrium receive deoxygenated blood?

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

A. Pulmonary veins.
B. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
C. Aorta and pulmonary artery.
D. Coronary arteries.

Your Answer: B

Which of the following are cusps of the tricuspid valve?

Anterior, septal, and posterior.

A. Anterior and posterior only.
B. Anterior, septal, and posterior.
C. Left and right.
D. Superior and inferior.

Your Answer: B

How many pulmonary veins typically drain into the left atrium?

Four.

A. Two.
B. Three.
C. One.
D. Four.

Your Answer: D

The bicuspid (mitral) valve regulates blood flow between which two chambers?

Left atrium and left ventricle.

A. Right atrium and right ventricle.
B. Left atrium and left ventricle.
C. Left ventricle and aorta.
D. Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

Your Answer: B

What is a key characteristic of the left ventricle?

It is the thickest chamber and forms the apex of the heart.

A. It primarily forms the anterior surface and contains the moderator band.
B. It is the thickest chamber and forms the apex of the heart.
C. It receives blood from the superior vena cava and coronary sinus.
D. It receives blood from four pulmonary veins.

Your Answer: B

The aortic valve controls blood flow from the left ventricle into which major vessel?

Ascending aorta.

A. Pulmonary trunk.
B. Ascending aorta.
C. Superior vena cava.
D. Coronary sinus.

Your Answer: B

Which valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk?

Pulmonary valve.

A. Tricuspid valve.
B. Mitral valve.
C. Pulmonary valve.
D. Aortic valve.

Your Answer: C

What is the primary role of the coronary arteries?

Supply arterial blood to the heart muscle.

A. Carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart.
B. Supply arterial blood to the heart muscle.
C. Drain venous blood from the heart muscle.
D. Transport blood to and from the lungs.

Your Answer: B

The left coronary artery (LCA) branches into which two main arteries?

LAD (left anterior descending) and circumflex branches.

A. Posterior interventricular artery and marginal branch.
B. LAD (left anterior descending) and circumflex branches.
C. Right coronary artery and marginal branch.
D. Anterior cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein.

Your Answer: B

The LAD artery is a branch of which major coronary artery?

Left coronary artery.

A. Right coronary artery.
B. Pulmonary artery.
C. Left coronary artery.
D. Aorta.

Your Answer: C

The circumflex branch typically supplies blood to which heart chambers?

Left ventricle and left atrium.

A. Right ventricle and right atrium.
B. Both ventricles (anteriorly).
C. Left ventricle and left atrium.
D. Interventricular septum (posteriorly).

Your Answer: C

From which vessel does the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) arise?

Ascending aorta.

A. Pulmonary trunk.
B. Coronary sinus.
C. Ascending aorta.
D. Superior vena cava.

Your Answer: C

Which sulcus typically contains the posterior interventricular artery?

Posterior interventricular sulcus.

A. Anterior interventricular sulcus.
B. Posterior interventricular sulcus.
C. Coronary sulcus.
D. Sulcus terminalis.

Your Answer: B

The marginal branch arising from the RCA supplies blood to which chamber?

Right ventricle.

A. Left ventricle.
B. Right atrium.
C. Right ventricle.
D. Left atrium.

Your Answer: C

Where does the coronary sinus primarily drain its venous blood?

Right atrium.

A. Left atrium.
B. Left ventricle.
C. Right atrium.
D. Superior vena cava.

Your Answer: C

Which major coronary vein runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus and drains into the coronary sinus?

Great cardiac vein.

A. Middle cardiac vein.
B. Great cardiac vein.
C. Small cardiac vein.
D. Anterior cardiac veins.

Your Answer: B

The middle cardiac vein accompanies which major coronary artery?

Posterior interventricular artery.

A. Anterior interventricular (LAD) artery.
B. Circumflex branch.
C. Posterior interventricular artery.
D. Marginal branch.

Your Answer: C

Which cardiac vein runs in the coronary sulcus and primarily drains the right atrium and right ventricle?

Small cardiac vein.

A. Great cardiac vein.
B. Middle cardiac vein.
C. Small cardiac vein.
D. Anterior cardiac veins.

Your Answer: C

Which veins directly drain the right ventricle into the right atrium, bypassing the coronary sinus?

Anterior cardiac veins.

A. Great cardiac vein.
B. Middle cardiac vein.
C. Small cardiac vein.
D. Anterior cardiac veins.

Your Answer: D