Philosophy and Methodology of Psychology

Flashcards for key vocabulary and definitions related to the lecture on Psychology methodology and statistics.

Ipsatisation

Normalization of participant responses to control for differences in perception of a response scale.

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis that indicates no effect or relationship is present.

p-value

A probability value used in hypothesis testing to determine the significance of results.

Non-Parametric Tests

Statistical tests that do not rely on the assumptions of parametric tests and can be used with small or non-metric samples.

Chi-square Test

Used to compare proportions of individuals in different categories.

Mann-Whitney U Test

Non-parametric test for comparing differences between two categorical groups on a metric or ordinal variable.

Kruskal-Wallis H Test

A non-parametric equivalent to ANOVA, used to compare differences between three or more groups.

Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation

Non-parametric measure of correlation suitable for ordinal or small-scale metric data.

Two-way Contingency Tables

Evaluates relationships among multiple categorical variables.