HSCI 1105 - QUIZ 5

WATER

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is water an essential nutrient?

most essential nutrient

water's main functions

needed for the movement of nutrients and waste in the body

water percentage in men vs women

men have higher percentage than women

MAJOR MINERALS

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sodium

primary extracellular ion

sodium & processed foods

as you process foods, sodium increases and potassium decrease

DASH diet goal

is to decrease blood pressure

potassium

primary intracellular ion

best sources of potassium

fresh fruits and veggies

abnormal high or low potassium

in blood can cause irregular heartbeat

calcium

most abundant mineral in body

calcium & spinach

spinach has oxalates that decrease calcium's absorption

poor dietary calcium intake impacts

- impacts primarily bone health

- does NOT impair muscle contraction, nerve function, blood clotting, etc.

- since 3 hormones regulate blood levels of calcium to assure functions of calcium are not impacted

what helps maintain bone density?

weight bearing exercise at any age can help maintain bone density

osteoporsis risk factors

sedentary, smoking, inadequate calcium and/or vitamin D intake, small bone frame

TRACE MINERALS

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trace minerals importance

just as important as major minerals

iron

most common deficiency worldwide

who are most at risk for iron deficiency?

infants, children, women of childbearing age, pregnant women

heme iron sources

animal foods contain both heme and non-heme iron

non-heme iron sources

plant foods contain only non-heme iron

Vitamin C and non-heme iron

Vitamin C enhances non-heme iron absorption

selenium

functions as an antioxidant

iodine deficiency

leads to goiter

goiter

a swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland

fluoride

helps lower dental caries (tooth decay)

ALCOHOL

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where is most alcohol metabolized?

liver

is alcohol a nutrient?

NOT a nutrient, but provides calories

what is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

- is an unusual type of memory disorder due to a lack of thiamin (vitamin B1)

- it most often happens in people with alcohol use disorder and malnutrition

who has more Alcohol Dehydrogenase in stomach (men or women)?

men

where is alcohol absorbed?

absorbed directly from esophagus, stomach, small intestine; no digestion necessary

what is the recommendation for alcohol use during pregnancy?

none (no alcohol consumption during pregnancy)

FUNCTIONAL FOODS/SUPPLEMENTS

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definition of functional foods

a food that may provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition

what phytochemicals are rich in tomatoes?

lycopene

lycopene may decrease risk of?

prostate cancer

who regulates food additives?

FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

what groups may benefit from vitamin supplements?

- pregnant and breastfeeding women

- women with heavy menstrual losses

- children

- infants

- people with severe food restrictions

- strict vegetarians

- elders