Calcium Channel Blockers and Their Effects on Cardiovascular and Renal Systems

This set of flashcards focuses on key vocabulary and concepts related to calcium channel blockers and their impact on cardiovascular and renal systems.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Medications that prevent calcium from entering cells of the heart and blood vessels, impacting heart rate and contraction.

Nondihydropyridines

Type of calcium channel blockers that include verapamil and diltiazem, affecting both vascular smooth muscle and the heart.

Dihydropyridines

Type of calcium channel blockers that include nifedipine and amlodipine, affecting vascular smooth muscle only.

Positive Ionotropic Effect

Increase in the force of heart contractions due to calcium influx in the myocardium.

Positive Chronotropic Effect

Increase in the rate of heart contractions due to calcium influx in the SA node.

Baroreceptor Reflex

A physiological response that helps regulate blood pressure; can counteract effects of calcium channel blockers.

Contraindications for Type One Calcium Channel Blockers

Includes heart failure, bradycardia, post-MI, ventricular dysfunction, and low systolic blood pressure.

Bradicardia Risk

Potential risk associated with calcium channel blockers, especially type two agents.

Extended Release Formulations

Preferred form of calcium channel blockers due to less incidence of adverse effects and enhanced patient compliance.

Grapefruit Juice Interaction

Can increase the levels of calcium channel blockers, enhancing their effects and potential side effects.