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electrons are stable when they have a full valence shell
the octet rule
ionic bonds are bonds between
metals and nonmetals
covalent bonds are between
two nonmetals
metallic bonds are between
metals
in covalent bonding
the elements share electrons
in metallic bonds
the elements 'give up' electrons creating a 'sea of electrons'
what does a row represent on the periodic table
number of shells
what does a group on a periodic table represent
number of valence electros
what is a valence electron
electrons in the outermost shell
What are isotopes?
atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What are cations?
positively charged ions
What are anions?
negatively charged ions
elements with the same number of valence electrons have
similar properties
mass of an element
protons + neutrons
Solibility
how readily a substance is dissolves in another substance
solvent
the bigger substance
solute
the smaller substance
what are the two types of conductivity
thermal and electrical
what are the three types of bonds
ionic, covalent, metallic
in ionic bonding the electrons
transfer
what is the difference between the lewis dot formula and structural formula
Structural formulas show the arrangements of atoms and bonds in a molecule and are represented by Lewis dot structures.
what does HONC represent
the bonds that Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbon can have
How do you determine how many bonds an element has
by how many unpaired electrons it has
What is a bonded pair
Two electrons that are bonded between different elements
What is a lone pair
pair of electrons not involved in bonding
Electronegativity
A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
Isomers
Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
When two atoms of uneven electronegativity bond
the electrons spend more time around the atom with more electronegativity
What does polarity
the distribution of electrical charge among the atoms connected by a chemical bond.
when atoms have equal electron attraction
the bond(s) will be non-polar
non polar covalent bond
a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge
polar covalent bond
unequal sharing of electrons
ionic bond
extreme difference in electronegativity
non polar covalent electronegativity difference
0-0.3
polar covalent electronegativity difference
0.4-1.7
ionic electronegativity difference
greater than 1.8
Electronegativity of fluorine
4.0
Electronegativity of francium
0.7
What do the arrows represent
arrows represent the direction in which the electronegativity is strongest
how to calculate polarity from arrows
add the arrows together, if they all cancel out = non-polar
where are the protons and neutrons
in the center
atomic mass =
neutrons +protons
definition of chemical bond
A chemical bond involves atoms combining to form chemical compounds and bring stability to the resulting product.
Four types of chemical bond
Hydrogen bond, Covalent bond, Ionic bond, Metallic bond
What is a hydrogen bond
It is formed when a hydrogen atom is in between the two highly electronegative (F, O, N) atoms present within the same molecule.
four models of bonding
Ionic, Metallic, Molecular covalent, Network covalent
define which group is Alkali metals, Alkali earth metals, halogens and noble gasses
group 1- Alkali metals group 2- alkali earth metals group 7- halogens group 8- noble gasses
if a molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen what is it
non-polar covalent
Note 
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