Water and Non-covalent interactions

covalent

Which is stronger, covalent bonds or non-covalent bonds?

covalent, ionic, H-bond, V.D.W

List Bond Strength of bond interactions from STRONGEST to WEAKEST

covalent

what bonds are used to build biomolecules?

4

Each water molecule can potentially participate in ______ H-bonds

H

H-bond:

• sharing an ______ between 2 electronegative atoms

donor

H-Bond ________

• a strongly electronegative atom (F, O, N) that is covalently bonded to a hydrogen bond.

acceptor

H-Bond ________

* **electronegative atom** of a neighboring molecule or ion that contains a **lone pair** that participates in the hydrogen bond

collinear

**H-bond** is **STRONGEST** when all 3 of the involved atoms (the **2 electronegative atoms** and the hydrogen atom) are ______.

DNA, proteins

**H-bonds** are important in shaping the **structure** of _________ and …………..

H-bond

what type of bond **connects** **nucleotides** ( Ex: Adenine and Thymine)

cohesive

Networks of **H-bonding** make **water** **highly** ______

weaker

The **LONGER** the **bond** the _______ it is

stronger

The SMALLER the bond the _______ it is

Hydrophobic effect

The tendency of water to **minimize** its contacts with **nonpolar substances**, thereby inducing the **substances** to **aggregate**.

urea

_____ is a **Denaturant**

entropy

the **Hydrophobic** **effect** is ______ driven

freeing

Why is the Hydrophobic effect entropy driven?

• nonpolar molecules are forced together, _____ more water molecules to interact with each other.

hydrophobic

Which type of reactions are **NOT hydrostatic** in nature?

stabilize

**cumulatively** , **weak** (non- covalent) **interactions** are **strong** enough to ______ biostructures

salt bridge

**ionic interactions** are referred to as “________” in biochemistry

charged

Ionic interactions occur between two _______ groups

aqueous

The **strength** of ionic **interactions** is **LOW** in the **______ solutions**

disrupts, structure

Why is **UREA** a **denaturant**?

* it _____ the **water structure** and **prevents** the proper **hydrophobic** interaction that drives and maintains protein ………...

release

the driving force for the **hydrophobic effect** is the **_______** of surrounding **water molecules** and is **NOT** the V.D.W interactions

dec

when a **non-polar** substance is **ADDED** to water, how do the molecules of water behave?

* the H-bond pattern is **DISRUPTED** resulting in a _____ in entropy

H, lone pairs

for finding the MAX water molecules a water molecule can for H-bonds with

• count the # of ____ that bonds with an electronegative atom

• Count the # of ______ on electronegative atoms