Period 6 (1865-1898)

Industrial Capitalism

An economic system characterized by technological advances, large-scale production, and new market opportunities.

Laissez-Faire Capitalism

An economic philosophy of minimal government intervention in the economy.

Social Darwinism

A belief that the principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest apply to human societies and businesses.

Gospel of Wealth

The belief that the wealthy are morally obligated to use their fortunes to further social good.

National Labor Union

The first major organization to unify workers in the United States focusing on the rights of workers.

Pullman Strike

A nationwide railroad strike that ended when the Supreme Court allowed courts to intervene against labor unions.

Farmers Alliances

Organizations that aimed to improve the economic conditions for farmers through cooperative buying and selling.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

A federal law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States.

Plessy v. Ferguson

A Supreme Court case that upheld the principle of 'separate but equal' in racial segregation.

Homestead Act

A law that provided 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm it for five years.

Battle of Wounded Knee

A conflict in 1890 in which more than 200 Native Americans were killed by U.S. troops, marking the end of the Indian Wars.

Sherman Antitrust Act

A landmark federal statute in the U.S. that outlawed monopolistic business practices.

Ghost Dance

A Native American religious movement that sought to restore indigenous land and culture.

Great Railroad Strike

A nationwide strike in 1877 prompted by wage cuts that spread across multiple states.

Knights of Labor

A significant American labor organization that sought to include all workers in its membership.

Standard Oil

A monopolistic oil company founded by John D. Rockefeller, known for its production efficiency and low prices.

Telegraph

A communication system that enabled long-distance communication, helping to internationalize markets.

Dawes Act of 1887

A law that aimed to assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.

Consumer Culture

A societal phenomenon characterized by the increased consumption of goods and services.

Urbanization

The process of migration from rural areas to cities as people seek economic opportunities.

Corporate Consolidation

The merging of several companies into fewer larger companies.

National Grange Movement

An organization aimed at supporting farmers' interests and advocating for economic reforms.

Timber and Mineral Discovery

Economic opportunities that led to mass migrations and conflicts over resources in the West.