Module 7 - Integumentary System

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to the integumentary system, skin anatomy, and associated functions, providing a thorough review for exam preparation.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of the skin, composed of closely packed epithelial cells, primarily keratinocytes, which provide a barrier against environmental damage.

Dermis

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands.

Hypodermis

Also known as subcutaneous tissue, this layer of loose connective and fatty tissue anchors the skin to underlying structures and provides insulation and energy storage.

Keratinocytes

The primary cell type in the epidermis, constituting about 90% of its cells, responsible for forming a protective barrier against environmental damage.

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead keratinized cells, providing a protective barrier.

Stratum lucidum

A thin, clear layer of dead skin cells found only in the thicker skin of palms and soles.

Stratum granulosum

The layer of the epidermis consisting of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes that begin to flatten and lose nuclei, creating a waterproof barrier.

Stratum spinosum

A layer of the epidermis characterized by 8-10 layers of keratinocytes bounded by desmosomes, known for its immune function via dendritic cells.

Stratum basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis, containing basal cells that undergo rapid division and produce new keratinocytes.

Sebaceous glands

Oil glands associated with hair follicles that secrete sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.

Eccrine glands

Sweat glands that play a key role in thermoregulation by producing a watery secretion.

Apocrine glands

Sweat glands located in hairy areas that produce thicker sweat containing organic compounds, which can lead to body odor.

Melanin

The pigment produced by melanocytes in the stratum basale that determines skin color.

Thermoregulation

The process by which the body maintains its internal temperature within a normal range.

Acne

A skin condition primarily involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles, characterized by excess sebum production and inflammation.

Gustation

The sense of taste, which detects flavors through taste buds on the tongue.

Olfaction

The sense of smell, relying on olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity to detect chemical stimuli.