3 - AP configuration and runway design

What are the two parts separated by security control ?

Air-side and land-side

What does the land-side contain ?

• Airport internal transportation

• Parking lots

• Load and unload area

• Check in

What does the air-side contain ?

• Gates

• Platforms (ramp, aprons)

• Taxiways

• Runways

What is the runway definition ?

Defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.

What are the safety areas (with the runway)

• Strip (on both sides)

• Stop-way (SWY)

• Clearway (CWY)

• Runway safety area (RESA)

What are the standard sizes of safety areas ?

• Clearway

• Resa = 240 m long * twice runway width

• Strip = 60 m long

• Stopway = runway width

What is the aerodrome reference code/runway category ?

A number based on the airplane reference field length + a letter based on the airplane wing span and outer main gear wheel span.

What is a reference field length ?

The minimum field length required for take-off at maximum certificated take-off mass, sea level, standard atmospheric conditions, still air and zero runway slope

What are the runway declared distances ?

• LDA (landing distance available)

• TORA (take off run available)

• ASDA (accelerate and stop distance available)

• TODA (take off distance available)

What does THR stands for ?

Treshold

What is LDA distance ?

Distance between THR and end of runway

What is TORA distance ?

Distance between beginning and end of runway

What is ASDA distance ?

Distance between beginning of the runway and end of the stopway

What is TODA distance ?

Distance between beginning of the runway and end of the clearway

How to obtain the number in the runway designator ?

The number is the angle (clockwise) between (oriented runway) and magnetic north rounded to the dizaine (+ removing the last 0)

What is the runway designator in case of 2 parallel runways ?

Number + L/R

What is the runway designator in case of 3 parallel runways ?

Number + L/C/R

What is the runway designator in case of 4+ parallel runways ?

Number + L/(C)/R

Then number+1 + L/(C)/R

Threshold signs

Runway signs

• Treshold (pre-treshold)

• Designator

• Touchdown zone

• Aiming point

What are the most common runway configurations ?

• Unique runway configuration

• Cross runways configuration

• V runways configuration

• Parallel runways configuration

• Double parallel runways configuration

Minimum distance between parallel runways

Required when parallel runways are meant to be used simultaneously. They are more important for instrument runways.

What can influence the capacity of a runway ?

• The conditions of Air Traffic Control (ATC) in approach and take-off

• Longitude, orientation and number of runways

• The use of the system of runways for different operations (take-off and landing)

• The number, location and characteristics of the rapid exit taxiways

• The number of taxiways and the waypoint points to runways heads

• Mix of aircrafts

• Atmospheric conditions (wind, rain, fog, etc.)

• Conditions of the pavement

• Type of visual aids

• Approach and take off procedures

• Interferences of the TMA with vicinity airports or other flights

Why did CAO establish a required minimum separation between airplanes ?

Because of wake vortexes than can be a danger for the aircraft behind. The separation depend of the weight of the two aircrafts.

What does the terminal area contains ?

• Auxiliary aeronautical buildings (control tower, fire extinction building, etc.)

• Freight processing areas (freight terminals)

• Aircraft processing areas (hangars, etc.)

• Industrial and commercial areas (pilot schools, catering services, mail services, etc.)

• Passenger terminal

What is the function of the passenger terminal ?

• Interchange of transportation mode

• Processing of the passenger before boarding (check-in, security controls, shopping, etc)

• Processing of the passenger after disembarking (luggage claim, customs and security, facilities)

• Distribution of the flows of passengers

• Give room to aircraft parking positions fed by fingers

What are the typically followed patterns in term of terminal layout ?

• Arrival / departure flows are separated (typically in different levels)

• Domestic / international flows are separated (typically in the same level)

• Luggage processing typically at ground level (check in and claiming)

What are the typical terminal configurations ?

• Simple

• Standard

• Linear

• Concourses

• Pier

• Satellite