Unit 1: Culture

Cultural diversity (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/ (The cultural diversity of Mauritius is astonishing)

🔸the existence of many different cultural or ethnic groups within a society → sự đa dạng văn hóa

Homogeneous society (n) /ˌhəʊ.məˈdʒiː.ni.əs səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/ (A homogeneous society shares the same race and beliefs)

🔸a society where people have similar ethnicity → xã hội đồng nhất

Cultural homogeneity (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˌhɒ.mə.dʒiːˈneɪ.ti/ (National identity includes cultural homogeneity)

🔸the state of sharing the same culture → sự đồng nhất văn hóa

Cultural assimilation (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ (Cultural assimilation occurs when groups blend)

🔸the process of adopting another culture’s customs and traditions → sự đồng hóa văn hóa

Adopt the norms (v phrase) /əˈdɒpt ðə nɔːmz/ (They adopt the norms of the company)

🔸to accept and follow social or cultural standards → áp dụng các chuẩn mực/văn hóa

The host culture (n) /ðə hoʊst ˈkʌl.tʃər/ (Students study abroad in a host culture)

🔸the culture of the country one visits or lives in → văn hóa của nước sở tại

Be segregated or marginalized (v phrase) /ˈseɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪ.tɪd ɔː ˈmɑː.dʒɪ.nə.laɪzd/ (They may be segregated or marginalized)

🔸to be separated or excluded from the main group → bị tách biệt hoặc gạt ra ngoài lề

Authentic community (n) /ɔːˈθen.tɪk kəˈmjuː.nə.ti/ (Authentic community exists among friends)

🔸a genuine and connected group of people → cộng đồng đích thực

A multicultural society (n) /ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.əl səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/ (Australia is a multicultural society)

🔸a society that includes people from various cultural backgrounds → xã hội đa văn hóa

A collective openness to new ideas and perspectives (n phrase) /ə kəˈlek.tɪv ˈəʊ.pən.nəs tuː njuː aɪˈdɪəz ænd pəˈspek.tɪvz/ (They show a collective openness to new ideas)

🔸shared willingness to accept new ideas → sự cởi mở với những ý tưởng và quan điểm mới

A dominant culture (n) /ə ˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt ˈkʌl.tʃər/ (A dominant culture sets the standard)

🔸the culture that influences or controls others → nền văn hóa thống trị

Cultural exchange (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ (Cultural exchange promotes learning)

🔸the sharing of ideas and traditions between cultures → trao đổi văn hóa

Community coalition (n) /kəˈmjuː.nə.ti ˌkəʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ (A community coalition works to prevent drug abuse)

🔸a group of people or organizations united for a cause → liên minh cộng đồng

Transform the status quo (v phrase) /trænsˈfɔːm ðə ˈsteɪ.təs kwəʊ/ (We must transform the status quo)

🔸to change the current state of things → chuyển đổi hiện trạng

Ethnic groups (n) /ˈeθ.nɪk ɡruːps/ (Different ethnic groups have distinct traditions)

🔸people sharing the same cultural or national background → các nhóm dân tộc

Share their religious beliefs (v phrase) /ʃeər ðeə rɪˈlɪ.dʒəs bɪˈliːfs/ (They share their religious beliefs freely)

🔸to express one’s faith with others → chia sẻ niềm tin tôn giáo

Cultural identity (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl aɪˈden.tə.ti/ (Puerto Rico has a distinct cultural identity)

🔸the identity or feeling of belonging to a culture → bản sắc văn hóa

National identity (n) /ˈnæʃ.ən.əl aɪˈden.tə.ti/ (They fear losing their national identity)

🔸the sense of belonging to a nation → bản sắc dân tộc

Cultural diplomats (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈdɪ.plə.mæts/ (India appointed cultural diplomats)

🔸people promoting a nation’s culture abroad → nhà ngoại giao văn hóa

Cross-cultural learning (n) /ˌkrɒsˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈlɜː.nɪŋ/ (Cross-cultural learning promotes understanding)

🔸learning between different cultural contexts → học tập giữa các nền văn hóa

Cultural ambassadors (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl æmˈbæs.ə.dəz/ (They act as cultural ambassadors)

🔸representatives promoting cultural values → đại sứ văn hóa

Immigrant communities (n) /ˈɪm.ɪ.ɡrənt kəˈmjuː.nɪ.tiz/ (Immigrant communities face challenges)

🔸groups of immigrants living together → cộng đồng nhập cư

Cultural practices (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈpræk.tɪsɪz/ (Cultural practices are passed down)

🔸traditional actions or customs of a culture → tập quán văn hóa

Traditional festivals (n) /trəˈdɪʃ.ən.əl ˈfes.tɪ.vəlz/ (We celebrate traditional festivals yearly)

🔸festivals celebrating cultural traditions → lễ hội truyền thống

Social hierarchy (n) /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl ˈhaɪə.rɑː.ki/ (The social hierarchy was based on birth)

🔸a system ranking people by status → hệ thống phân cấp xã hội

Multiculturalism (n) /ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.ə.lɪ.zəm/ (The city promotes multiculturalism)

🔸the coexistence of diverse cultures → chủ nghĩa đa văn hóa

Enculturation (n) /ɪnˌkʌl.tʃəˈreɪ.ʃən/ (Parents control their children’s enculturation)

🔸the process of learning one’s own culture → sự hội hóa

Acculturation (n) /əˌkʌl.tʃəˈreɪ.ʃən/ (Foreigners undergo acculturation)

🔸the process of adapting to a new culture → sự hòa nhập văn hóa

Intangible cultural heritage (n) /ɪnˈtæn.dʒə.bəl ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ (It was listed as intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO)

🔸non-physical cultural legacy such as traditions → di sản văn hóa phi vật thể

Adopting traits of a different culture (v phrase) /əˈdɒptɪŋ treɪts əv ə ˈdɪf.rənt ˈkʌl.tʃər/ (They adopt traits of another culture)

🔸accepting characteristics from another culture → chấp nhận những đặc điểm của một nền văn hóa khác

Cultural heterogeneity (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˌhet.ər.ə.dʒəˈniː.ti/ (The heterogeneity of culture shows internal differences)

🔸the state of being culturally diverse → sự không đồng nhất văn hóa

Shape their new sets of values (v phrase) /ʃeɪp ðeə njuː sets əv ˈvæl.juz/ (Young people should shape new sets of values)

🔸to develop or redefine personal beliefs → định hình bộ giá trị mới của họ

Cultural preservation (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ (They aim for cultural preservation)

🔸the act of protecting and maintaining cultural traditions → bảo tồn văn hóa

National heritage (n) /ˈnæʃ.ən.əl ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ (These buildings are part of national heritage)

🔸a nation’s cultural and historical legacy → di sản quốc gia

Existing traditional standards (n phrase) /ɪɡˈzɪs.tɪŋ trəˈdɪʃ.ən.əl ˈstæn.dədz/ (They meet existing traditional standards)

🔸current cultural or moral norms → các tiêu chuẩn truyền thống hiện có

Lose cultural uniqueness (v phrase) /luːz ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl juːˈniːk.nəs/ (They lose cultural uniqueness over time)

🔸to lose distinctive cultural identity → đánh mất sự độc đáo văn hóa

A process of extensive cultural borrowing (n phrase) /ə ˈprəʊ.ses əv ɪkˈsten.sɪv ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈbɒr.əʊ.ɪŋ/ (It’s a process of extensive cultural borrowing)

🔸wide exchange of cultural ideas → quá trình vay mượn văn hóa sâu rộng

Ethnic diversity (n) /ˈeθ.nɪk daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/ (Ethnic diversity is rising)

🔸variety of ethnic groups within a population → đa dạng sắc tộc

Racial discrimination / racism (n) /ˈreɪ.ʃəl dɪsˌkrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ (Racial discrimination still exists)

🔸unfair treatment based on race → kỳ thị chủng tộc / phân biệt chủng tộc

Cultural awareness (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl əˈweə.nəs/ (Training promotes cultural awareness)

🔸understanding and sensitivity to other cultures → nhận thức văn hóa

Ethnic conflict (n) /ˈeθ.nɪk ˈkɒn.flɪkt/ (Ethnic conflicts arise from inequalities)

🔸disputes between different ethnic groups → xung đột chủng tộc