Carbohydrates

define carbohydrate (organic chemistry)

Contains the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

what are the 4 classification of a carbohydrate

1. monosaccharides/simple sugars

2. disaccharides

3. oligosaccharides

4. polysaccharides

define monosaccharide/simple sugars

simplest form of carbohydrate

what are the 2 primary monosaccharides

1. glucose/dextrose

2. fructose

define fructose

fruit sugar

how does glucose/dextrose come to be

end product of glycogen hydrolysis

what is glucose/dextrose mostly used for

energy for cells

what is maltose (organic chemistry)

2 glucose molecules connected by on oxygen

how does fructose come to be

formed from the digestion or hydrolysis of the disaccharide sucrose

define galactose

milk sugar (for the record, this is not wrong this is what it said in the slide)

what is a disaccharide

2 monosaccharides

what is oligosaccharide

3-10 monosaccharides

what is a polysaccharide

thousands of monosaccharide units

what are polysaccharides used for

energy storage

what happens if an animal consumes excess carbohydrates

it will be converted into body fat

define restraint starches

resists digestion in the small intestine.

what is RS1 (resistant starch class 1)

Starch is physically trapped within the starch granule and is released during processing and chewing

what is RS1 (resistant starch class 2)

Starch granule structures, such as those found in raw potatoes, tapioca, and bananas

what is RS1 (resistant starch class 3)

Recrystallized starch forms after cooking when starch is cooled or dried, as seen with cooked rice

what is RS1 (resistant starch class 4)

Chemically modified starch resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis