vertebrates

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29 Terms

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Chordates

organisms with notochord, a flexible rod that supports chordates back, nerve cord, slits in throat area

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Vertebrate

Animal with backbone that’s a part of an endoskeleton, which supports the body, protects organs, and gives muscles a place to attach (most chordates are vertebrates)

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Ectotherm

Animal whose body does NOT produce much internal heat (fish, reptile)

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Endothermic

Animal whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling internal heat

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Fish

Ectotherms that live in water, have fins, and obtains oxygen through gills, have scales

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Cartilaginous fish

Fish having jaws and scales as well as skeletons made of cartilage (sharks, rays)

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Jawless fish

Fish that have no jaws or scales with skeletons made of cartilage (lamprey, hagfish)

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Bony fish

Has jaws, scales, a pocket on each sides of head that holds gills, and skeleton of hard bones

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Bony fish swim bladder

Organ - a gas filled sac that helps fish stay stable at different depths

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Amphibians (ectothermic)

Vertebrate that spends early life in water and adulthood on land (salamander, frog, toad)

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Amphibian lungs

Breathe on land, also can exchange O2 and C02 thru skin

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Amphibian metamorphosis

-most amphibians undergo metamorphism

-legs and lungs develop for adult life, heart is 3 chambered with atria and ventricles

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Reptiles

- ectothermic vertebrate that have lungs + scaly skin,

-skin, kidneys, and eggs of reptiles are adapted to conserve water

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Reptiles kidneys

-organs that filter water from blood with wastes being excreted as urine

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Reptiles fertilization

-internal fertilization which produces amniotic eggs, or an egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep embryo moist

-lay their eggs on land

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Lizards + snakes

Reptiles that have skin covered with overlapping scales

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Alligators and crocodiles

Large, carnivorous reptiles that care for their young

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Turtles

Reptile whose body is covered by protective shell that includes ribs and backbone

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Birds

-endothermic

-vertebrate that has feathers, four chambered heart, lays eggs

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Bird adaptions for flight

-strong hollow bones

-high energy diet

-large efficient heart

-lungs with air sacs

-wings have shape, movement, and surface area to enable flight

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Feathers

Contour feathers - streamlined shape + colour

Down feathers - insulated layer under contour

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Mammals

Endothermic vertebrates with 4 chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair

-most mammals born alive

-young are fed with milk produced by organs called mammary glands

-specialized teeth

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Herbivores

Plant eating mammals with incisors that cut, molars that grind

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Carnivores

Meat eaters with sharp canines that tear flesh

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Omnivores

Eat both plants and animals using a variety of teeth

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Mammal body systems

-well developed lungs with millions of alveoli

-4 chambered heart and two loop circulatory system

-large brain and complex nervous system

-specialized ways of moving - walk, run, hop

-internal fertilization

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Mammals - monotremes

Egg laying mammals lacking nipples (platypus, anteater)

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Mammals - marsupials

Give birth during early stage of development, usually continue to develop in pouch on mothers body (kangaroo)

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Placental mammals

Developed from embryo connected to placenta by umbilical cord

-diverse