health and fitness 9-12

alcohol is classified as a

psychoactive drug

low risk drinking

men: 14 week, 4 day

women: 7 week, 3 day

standard drink

beer: 12oz

wine: 5oz

shot: 1.5oz

mixed drink: 1.5oz

extreme drinking

men: 10-15 day

women: 8-12 day

why do students drink

1. fit in with peers

2. imitate role models

3. reduce stress

4. soothe negative emotions

5. cope with academic pressure

pregaming

excessive consumption of alcohol before attending event where alcohol will be served

addressing alcohol problem

1. offering alcohol free options

2. limiting availability

3. restricting marketing and promotion of alcoholic beverages

4. promoting social norms

5. strengthening policy

alcohol is metabolized

.5oz per hour

most alcohol is absorbed in

small intestine

blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

amount of alcohol in grams in 100ml of blood

acute alcohol intoxication

life threatening blood alcohol concentration that can collapse body functions

blackout

a period during which a drinker is conscious but has partial or complete amnesia

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

set of birth defects associated with the use of alcohol during pregnancy

alcohol misuse

consumption to the point of physical, social and moral harm to the drinker

problem drinking

pattern that impairs the drinkers life

alcohol dependence

strong craving for alcohol, withdrawal if consumption stops abruptly

tar

sticky residue formed when tobacco burns

nicotine

primary addictive ingredient

why do people smoke

1. highly addictive

2. behavioral dependence

3. weight control

4. marketing

stages of quitting smoking

Immediately: You stop polluting the air with secondhand smoke; the air around you is no longer dangerous to children and adults.

20 minutes: Blood pressure decreases; pulse rate decreases; temperature of hands and feet increases.

12 hours: Carbon monoxide level in blood drops; oxygen level in blood increases to normal.

24 hours: Chance of heart attack decreases.

48 hours: Nerve endings start to regrow; exercise gets easier; senses of smell and taste improve.

72 hours: Bronchial tubes relax, making breathing easier; lung capacity increases.

2–12 weeks: Circulation improves; lung functioning increases up to 30 percent.

1–9 months: Fewer coughs, colds, and flu episodes; fatigue and shortness of breath decrease; lung function continues to improve.

1 year: Risk of smoking-related heart attack is cut by half.

5 years: Risk of dying from heart disease and stroke approaches that of a nonsmoker; risk of oral and esophageal cancers is cut by half.

10 years: Risk of dying from lung cancer is cut by half.

10–15 years: Life expectancy reaches that of a person who never smoked.

nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)

controlled amount of nicotine administered to reduce daily use

pharmaceutical drugs

used for medical purposes

illicit drugs

generally viewed as harmful and are unlawful

drug misuse

using drugs for purpose other than what they were prescribed

drug abuse

use of substance in amounts that it causes problems

routes of administration

1. inhalation

2. injection

   1. intravenous

   2. intramuscular

   3. subcutaneous

3. orally

4. application to mucous membranes

stimulants

cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, bath salts

depressants

barbiturates, hypnotics, benzodiazepines, rohypnol, GHB

opioids

morphine, heroin, synthetic opioids, fentanyl

hallucinogens

LSD, PCP, ketamine

inhalants

paint thinners, gasoline, glue, spray can propellant

cannabinoids

marijuana

circumcision

removal of foreskin

intersex

ambiguous reproductive or sexual anatomy

testosterone

principal hormone responsible for sex drive in both men and women

vasocongestion

inflow of blood to tissues in erogenous areas

myotonia

voluntary or involuntary muscle tension that occurs in response to stimulation

human sexual response model

1.  Excitement stage: arousal

2. Plateau stage: leveling off arousal immediately before orgasm

3. Orgasm stage: rhythmic contraction in the genital area and a sensation of intense pleasure

4. Resolution stage: the return of the body back to an unexcited, relaxed stage

sexual non concordance

mismatch of physical and mental sexual arousal

sexual concordance

the degree to which a persons physiological sexual arousal matches the mental response

androgens

male sex hormones secreted by the testes

estrogens and progestins

female sex hormones secreted by the ovaries

common forms of sexual expression

celibacy, abstinence, foreplay, self stimulation

atypical sexual expression

1. Sexting.

2. Enacting sexual fantasies

3. Phone sex

paraphilia

1. Exhibitionism

2. Voyeurism

3. Sexual sadism/masochism

4. Pedophilia

nymphomania

hyper sexuality in women

satyriasis

hyper sexuality in men

sexual anorexia

intense fear of sexual contact or intimacy

rate of pregnancies in the US unintended

45%

contraceptive considerations

1.     Effectiveness

2.     Cost

3.     Convenience

4.     Permanence

5.     Safety

6.     Protection

7.     Consistency with values

long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC)

IUD- 5 years

contraceptive implant- 3 years

hormonal contraceptive

birth control pills

transdermal patch

barrier methods

condom

diaphragm

cervical cap

spermicide

only guaranteed method of preventing pregnancy and STI

abstinence

emergency contraceptive (EC)

morning after pill

permanent contraceptive

vasectomy

tubal ligation

ectopic pregnancy

rare and life threatening complication of early pregnancy

open adoption

biological parents choose adoptive parents

closed adoption

biological parents do not choose adoptive parents

stages of pregnancy

30 min of fertilization: zygote starts to divide

Week 2-8: formation of embryo, placenta and amniotic sac

8 weeks: all major body systems and organs are present in rudimentary form

16 weeks: sex of fetus can be readily determined

26 weeks: eyes are open

30 weeks: layer of fat forms under skin

36 weeks: excellent chance of survival

38-40 weeks: full term

4 stages of labor

1.     Early first stage: cervix thins and begins to open

2.     First stage: can last from a few to many hours

3.     Second stage: baby moved downward through pelvis, cervix and into the vagina, head emerges, shoulders and body

4.     Third stage: contractions continue, placenta (afterbirth) is expelled

rate of postpartum depression

13%