PSYC 104 Chapter 8- Developing Through the Lifespan

Nature vs. Nurture

Nature vs. Nurture

Examines how genetics and experience influence behavior.

Continuity vs. Stages

Is development a gradual, continuous process, or does it occur in distinct stages?

Stability vs. Change

Explores whether early personality traits remain constant or evolve over time.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy, leading to brain abnormalities and developmental issues.

Rooting reflex

A survival reflex allowing newborns to locate food.

Neural Growth

Brain cells are mostly present at birth, and neural networks multiply after birth.

Maturation

Development that follows genetic instructions, progressing through a sequence.

Schemas

Mental structures that organize and interpret experiences.

Assimilation

Incorporating new experiences into existing schemas.

Accommodation

Adjusting schemas to fit new information.

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years)

Infants experience the world through senses; lack object permanence.

Stranger Anxiety

Fear of unfamiliar people develops around 8 months.

Attachment Types

Secure attachment (comfortable exploring with caregiver) and insecure attachment (clinginess and reluctance to explore).

Prolonged Deprivation

Lack of stable caregiving can lead to physical, psychological, and social problems.

Neural Changes in Adolescence

Increase in connections until adolescence, followed by selective pruning of unused neurons.

Frontal Cortex Development

Growth of myelin in adolescence improves nerve conduction.

Fluid Intelligence

Quick reasoning that declines with age.

Crystallized Intelligence

Knowledge and skills that are preserved or improved with age.