APPENDICULAR JOINTS

humeral / glenohumeral / shoulder joint

joints of the scapula

• glenoid cavity of the scapula

• head of the humerus

participating bones of glenohumeral joint

simple joint

number of articulating surfaces in glenohumeral joint

ball and socket joint

form of articulating surface in glenohumeral joint

• shoulder flexion and extension

• limb flexion and extension

function of glenohumeral joint

• humero-ulnar joint

• humero-radial joint

joints of the humerus

• humeral condyle

• radius head

• trochlear notch of the ulna

participating bones in the humero-ulnar joint

compound joint

number of articulating surfaces in the humero-ulnar joint

ginglymus joint / hinge joint

form of articulating surface in the humero-ulnar joint

flexion and extension

function of the humero-ulnar joint

• humeral condyle

• head of the radius

participating bones in the humero-radial joint

simple joint

number of articulating surfaces in the humero-radial joint

ginglymus joint / hinge joint

form of articulating surface in humero-radial joint

• flexion and extension of the elbow

• pronation and supination of the forearm

function of the humero-radial joint

• proximal radio-ulnar joint

• distal radio-ulnar joint

joints of the radius

• articular circumference of the radius

• radial notch of ulna

participating bones in the proximal radio-ulnar joint

simple joint

number of articulating surfaces in the proximal radio-ulnar joint

trochoid joint

form of articulating surface in the proximal radio-ulnar joint

• rotation of the radius on its long axis

• pronation and supination

function of the proximal radio-ulnar joint

• ulnar notch of the radius

• circumference of the ulna

participating bones in the distal radio-ulnar joint

simple joint

number of articulating surfaces in the distal radio-ulnar joint

trochoid joint

form of articulating surface in distal radio-ulnar joint

rotation of the radius on its long axis

function of distal radio-ulnar joint

• antebrachiocarpal joint

• middle carpal bone joint

• carpometacarpal joint

joints of the carpals

radius and ulna articulating with intemedioradial and ulnar carpal bones

participating bones in the antebrachiocarpal joint

compound joint

number of articulating bones in the antebrachiocarpal joint

ellipsoidal joint

form of articulating surface in the antebrachiocarpal joint

slight abduction and adduction movement

function of antebrachiocarpal joint

proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones

participating bones in the middle carpal bone joint

compound joint

number of articulating surfaces in the middle carpal bone joint

condylar joint

form of articulating surface in the middle carpal bone joint

none

function of middle carpal bone joint

• metacarpophalangeal joint

• proximal interphalangeal joint

• distal interphalangeal joint

joints of the metacarpals

• proximal phalanges

• proximal sesamoid bones

• distal sesamoid bones

• metacarpal bones

participating bones in the metacarpophalangeal joint

compound joint

number of articulating surfaces in the metacarpophalangeal joint

hinge joint

form of articulating surface in the metacarpophalangeal joint

abduction and adduction movement

function of the metacarpophalangeal joint

proximal and middle phalanges

participating bones in the proximal interphalangeal joint

simple joint

number of articulating surfaces in the proximal interphalangeal joint

saddle joint

form of articulating surface in the proximal interphalangeal joint

• flexion and extension of the digit

• paw movement like grasping, walking, and running

function of the proximal interphalangeal joint

middle and distal phalanges

participating bones in the distal interphalangeal joint

simple joint

number of articulating surfaces in the distal interphalangeal joint

saddle joint

form of articulating surface in the distal interphalangeal joint

flexion and extension movements of the claw

function of the distal interphalangeal joint

• sacroiliac joint

• hip joint

joints in the pelvic limb

auricular surface of the sacrum and ilium

participating bones in the sacroiliac joint

simple joint

number of articulating surfaces in the sacroiliac joint

plane joint

form of articulating surface in the sacroiliac joint

• shock absorber for the spine

• distributes force from the hind limbs

• allows for limited rotation and stability during movement

function of the sacroiliac joint

• acetabulum by ilium, ischium, ilium, and acetabular bone

• head of the femur

participating bones in the hip joint

compound joint

number of articulating surface in the hip joint

ball and socket joint

form of articulating surface in the sacroiliac joint

• flexion and entension

• minimal adduction and abduction, allowing for weight-bearing, stability, and locomotion

function of the hip joint

• femorotibial joint

• femoropatellar joint

• proximal tibiofibular joint

• distal tibiofibular joint

joints in the femur

• lateral and medial condyles of the femur and tibia

• sesamoid bones of the gastrocnemius and popliteal muscles

participating bones in the femorotibial joint

compound joint

number of articulating surfaces in the femorotibial joint

condyloid joint

form of articulating surface in the femorotibial joint

• complex joint

• combines sliding, gliding and rotation at the joint flexes and extends

function of the femorotibial joint

• trochlea of the femur

• patellar articular surface

participating bones in the femoropatellar joint

simple joint

number of articulating surface in the femoropatellar joint

sliding joint

form of articulating surface in the femoropatellar joint

gliding movement

function of the femoropatellar joint

• tibial / head of the fibula

participating bones in the proximal tibiofibular joint

simple joint

number of articulating surface in the proximal tibiofibular joint

plane joint

form of articulating surface in the proximal tibiofibular joint

no movement

function of the proximal tibiofibular joint

distal end of the tibia and fibula

participating bones in the distal tibiofibular joint

simple joint

number of articulating surfaces in the distal tibiofibular joint

plane joint

form of articulating surfaces in the distal tibiofibular joint

no movement

function of the distal tibiofibular joint

• tarsocrural joint

• proximal intertarsal joint

• distal intertarsal joint

• tarsometatarsal joint

joints in the tarsal bones

• cochlea of the tibia

• trochlea of the talus

• articular surface of the lateral malleolus

participating bones in the tarsocrural joint

compound joint

number of articulating surface in the tarsocrural joint

ginglymus or hinge joint

form of articulating surface in the tarsocrural joint

• plantarflexion

• dorsiflexion

function of the tarsocrural joint

between talus, calcaneus, and the central tarsal bone and tarsal bone IV

participating bones in the proximal intertarsal joint

compound joint

number of articulating surfaces in the proximal intertarsal joint

plane joint

form of articulating surface of the proximal intertarsal joint

slight rotation

function of the proximal intertarsal joint

between the central tarsal bone and tarsal bone I-III

participating bones in the distal intertarsal joint

compound joint

number of articulating surfaces in the distal intertarsal joint

plane joint

form of articulating surface in the distal intertarsal joint

little movement

function of distal intertarsal joint

between the tarsal bone I-IV and metatarsal II-V

participating bones in the tarsometatarsal joint

compound joint

number of articulating surfaces in the tarsometatarsal joint

plane joint

form of articulating surface in the tarsometatarsal joint

little movement

function of the tarsometatarsal joint