Organic Chemistry NCEA level 3

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35 Terms

1
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Alkane ——> Haloalkane

Substitution, HX, UV light

2
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Haloalkane ——> Alcohol

Substitution, NaOH(aq) or KOH(aq), heat under reflux

3
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Haloalkane ——> Amine

Substitution, NH3(alc), heat in sealed tube

4
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Haloalkane ——> Alkene 

Elimination, KOH(alc), heat under reflux 

5
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Alkene ——> Dihaloalkane 

Addition, X2

6
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Alkene ——> Haloalkane

Addition, HX

7
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Alkene ———> Alkane

Addition (hydrogenation), H2 gas, Ni catalyst, heat

8
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Alkene ——> Alcohol

Addition (hydration), H2O/H+ and heat

9
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Alkene ——> Diol 

Oxidation, acidified MnO4- (purple to colourless)

10
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Alkene ———> Polymer

Polymerisation, addition, monomers, high pressure, catalyst

11
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Alcohol ——> Haloalkane

Substitution, PCl3, PCl5 or SOCl2

12
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Alcohol ——> Alkene

Elimination (dehydration), Conc H2SO4 or Al2O3, Heat

13
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Primary Alcohol ——> Aldehyde

Oxidation, MnO4-/H+ or Cr2O7/H+, distillation

14
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Primary Alcohol ——> Carboxylic Acid

Oxidation, MnO4-/H+ or Cr2O7/H+, Reflux

15
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Secondary Alcohol ——> Ketone

Oxidation, MnO4-/H+ or CrO72-/H+, Reflux

16
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Aldehyde ——> Carboxylic Acid

Oxidation, MnO4-/H+ or Cr2O7/H+, Reflux

17
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Aldehyde ——> Primary Alcohol 

Reduction, NaBH4

18
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Carboxylic Acid ——> Acyl Chloride

Substitution, SOCl2

19
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Carboxylic Acid ———> Salt + Water

Acid base, NaOH or metal carbonate

20
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Carboxylic Acid ———> Ester

Esterification, condensation, Alcohol and conc H2SO4, heat under reflux

21
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Acid Chloride ———> Ester

Esterification/ condensation, uses an Alcohol and produces HCl(g)

22
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Acid Chloride ———> Amide

Condensation, NH3 (ammonia)

23
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Acid Chloride ———> Secondary Amine

Condensation, Amine

24
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Acid Chloride ———> Carboxylic Acid

Hydrolysis, H2O

25
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Ester ———> Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol

Acidic Hydrolysis, dilute H2SO4, heat under reflux

26
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Ester ———> Carboxylate Salt + Alcohol

Basic Hydrolysis, NaOH(aq), heat under reflux

27
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Amine ———> Secondary Amine

Substitution, Haloalkane, heat in a sealed tube

28
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Amine ———> Amide

Condensation, acid chloride

29
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Amine ———> Ammonium salt

Acid base, acid eg HCl

30
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Cr2O72-

Orange ——> Green

31
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MnO4-

Purple to colourless

32
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Tollens reagent 

Test for Aldehyde, oxidation, Silver mirror, heat, produce carboxylic acid

33
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Benedicts/Fehlings solution,

test for Aldehyde (Ketone won’t react) Blue —> Brick red precipitate, oxidation, produces Carboxylic acid.

34
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Amide ——> Carboxylic Acid + Ammonium Ion

acidic hydrolysis, H2SO4 (aq) and heat or H2O/H+ and heat

35
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1 degree Amide ——> Carboxylate ion + ammonia

Hydrolosis, OH- and heat