internal trade

Internal Trade

The exchange of goods and services that occurs within a country's boundaries, with payments made in the home country.

Wholesale Trade

The purchase and sale of goods in large quantities for resale and intermediate use.

Retail Trade

Selling goods and services directly to ultimate consumers.

Place Utility

The benefit provided by wholesalers by placing goods in locations where they are needed for consumption.

Risk Bearing in Wholesale Trade

A service provided by wholesalers where they take delivery of goods and manage them against various risks.

Personal Selling in Retail

Retailers undertake personal selling efforts to encourage purchases and relieve manufacturers of this responsibility.

Service to Manufacturers

Activities that help manufacturers by distributing goods, providing marketing support, and sharing market insights.

Credit Facilities

Financial support offered by retailers to their regular customers to enhance sales prospects.

Itinerant Retailers

Retailers who move their products from one location to another in search of customers.

Fixed Shop Retailers

Retailers with permanent locations for buying and selling goods.

General Stores

Small fixed shops that sell daily utility items and build rapport with local customers.

Departmental Stores

Large retail establishments that offer a wide range of products under one roof, with various services.

Chain Stores

Multiple retail outlets that operate under the same brand, offering similar products.

Consumer Convenience

The ease of buying goods in small quantities at accessible locations, enhancing customer satisfaction.

Storage Utility

The benefit gained from wholesalers storing goods until they are needed by retailers and consumers.

Direct Marketing

A form of advertising where companies communicate directly with consumers through various media channels to solicit a response.

E-commerce

Buying and selling goods and services using the internet, allowing for transactions without physical presence.

Supply Chain Management

The management of the flow of goods and services, including all processes that transform raw materials into final products.

Market Segmentation

The process of dividing a broad consumer or business market into sub-groups based on shared characteristics.

Product Distribution

The process of making a product or service available for the consumer or business user who needs it.

Promotional Strategies

Methods used to inform, persuade, and remind customers about products or services to initiate a purchase.

Consumer Behavior

The study of individuals and groups and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products.

Brand Loyalty

The tendency of consumers to continue purchasing the same brand of goods or services over time.

Retail Margins

The difference between the cost of goods sold and the selling price, expressed as a percentage of sales.

Omnichannel Retailing

A seamless and integrated shopping experience across various channels, including brick-and-mortar and online platforms.