MLS LAB_-ACTIVITY-13-A (CARDIO)

Pericardium

The fibrous and serous membrane surrounding the heart, restricting excessive movements and serving as a lubricated container.

Epicardium

The external layer of the heart wall, composed of mesothelium and fibroelastic/adipose tissue.

Myocardium

The middle layer of the heart wall, made up of cardiac muscle, constituting 95% of the heart wall.

Endocardium

The innermost layer of the heart wall, a thin layer of endothelium providing a smooth lining for the heart chambers.

Right Atrium

One of the four chambers of the heart; receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava.

Right Ventricle

The chamber that forms the anterior surface of the heart and pumps blood to the lungs.

Left Atrium

The chamber that forms most of the base of the heart; receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins.

Left Ventricle

The thickest chamber of the heart, forming the apex, responsible for pumping oxygenated blood into the aorta.

Tricuspid Valve

An atrioventricular valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Mitral/Bicuspid Valve

An atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Aortic Valve

A semilunar valve that opens from the left ventricle into the aorta.

Pulmonary Valve

A semilunar valve that opens from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.

Arterioles

Small blood vessels that branch from arteries and lead to capillaries.

Capillaries

The smallest blood vessels, where gas and nutrient exchange occurs between blood and tissues.

Venules

Small blood vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from capillaries.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Tunica Interna/Intima

The innermost layer of blood vessels, allowing for stretching and recoil.

Tunica Media

The middle layer of blood vessels that regulates lumen diameter and is involved in vasospasm.

Tunica Externa

The outer layer of blood vessels containing nerves and vasa vasorum.

Fetal Blood Vessels

Blood vessels that undergo specific changes after birth, such as the closure of the ductus arteriosus.

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

Fibrous Pericardium

The tough outer layer of the pericardium made of dense connective tissue that protects the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures.

Serous Pericardium

The inner layer of the pericardium which is divided into two parts: the parietal layer that lines the fibrous pericardium and the visceral layer (epicardium) that adheres to the heart.

Parietal Pericardium

The outer layer of the serous pericardium that lines the fibrous pericardium.

Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)

The inner layer of the serous pericardium that directly covers the heart muscle.

What are the five types of blood vessels?

The five types of blood vessels are arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.