Maryland Real Estate - Chapter 20

who watches over land control

local and federal governments

what is government land used for

parks, miltiary bases, federal offices, schools, museum, and roadways

what is police power

regulates protections for public health, safety, and welfare

what are enabling acts

states delegate local authorities to enact ordinances for the law

what is another name for a comprehensive plan

the master planwh

what is a comprehensive plan

a guide for local governments use to figure out future needs, typically 20 years or longer

what does a comprehensive plan consdier

land use for residences or commercial use, housing needs, roadways and community facilities and energy conservation

who creates the comprehensive plan

the planning commission and it gets approved by city council after a public hearing

what are zoning ordinances

a plan and regulation to control use of parcels

what are zoning effects

use of each parcel, lot sizes, structure types, building heights, setbacks, style of buildings, density, and protection of natural resources

what is a planned unit development

land set aside for mix use and is regulated by private restrictions

what is a buffer zone

the transition from one type of use to another, typically like a park between residential and commercial buildings

what is bulk zoning

controls density and overcrowding by having setbacks and building heights

what is aesthetic zoning

certain types of buildings can be built in certain areas

what is incentive zoning

certain uses are incorporated into developments

what is void zoning

use that is destructive unreasonable, arbitrary, or confiscatory

what is a zoning permit

proposed development must conform to the zoning law

what is nonconforming use

when a parcel existed before a zone was enforced and can continue to use property if law permits itw

when does nonconforming use stop

when it is destroyed or torn down, when its abanadoned

what is a conditional use permit

allow special use within a zone, like a daycare

what is a variance

provide relief if owner restricted within reasonable usewh

what are building codes

standards that must be met when fixing or building a structure, it could have standards on materials, craftsmanship, sanitation, etc

what is a building permit

must be obtained if an owner wants to make a repair or an add on

who checks in on a home with a building permit

an inspector

what is certificate of occupancy

completed structures that have been inspected and passed tests allow to be lived in

what is a subdivider

when person buys land and splits it up for individuals or developers

what is a developer

they improve land, construct buildings or sell lots

what is a land development plan

a plan for a subsdivision that must follow zone laws

what is a plat map

a detailed geogrpahic boundary map of lots, shows sections, lots, streets, public easements

what is density zoning

restricted average number of homes per acre

what are deed restrictions

limitations of property based on past owner and they are bindingw

what is a CC&R

rules set by a developer that limit building, land use, set backs, etcw

who enforces CC&R

typically an HOA

what must CC&R’s always include

expiration dates, they must be renewed

what is the interstate land sales full disclosure act

prevents fraud of sales by outsiders that havent seen home

who created the interstate land sales full disclosure act

the dodd frank act

what are developer disclosures

type of title, number of homes occupied, availability of recreational facilities, distance of nearby communities, utility services, soil condition