Semen Analysis and Reproductive Physiology

These flashcards cover key concepts related to semen analysis, sperm physiology, and reproductive health to aid exam preparation.

What are the main components of semen?

Semen consists of spermatozoa and seminal fluid plasma from the testis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.

What is the process of sperm production called?

Spermatogenesis.

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

In the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

What happens to sperm before ejaculation?

The bulbourethral glands secrete a clear fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes acidity.

What is azoospermia?

The absence of spermatozoa in semen.

What is the normal range for sperm concentration in an ejaculate?

At least 40 million sperm per ejaculate.

How long does the entire process of spermatogenesis take?

Approximately 70 days.

What are Sertoli cells and their role?

Sertoli cells provide support and nutrients to germ cells undergoing mitosis and meiosis.

What does the prostate gland contribute to semen?

The prostate gland provides enzymes and proteins that support coagulation and liquefaction of semen.

What is the significance of analyzing semen?

It helps evaluate fertility, follow-up after vasectomy, and for forensic cases.

What is teratozoospermia?

A condition characterized by a low percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa.

What is the role of fructose in seminal fluid?

Fructose provides nutrients for the sperm.

What can increased temperature in the testes affect?

It affects sperm production and quality.

What is the importance of the scrotum's temperature regulation?

It maintains a lower temperature optimal for sperm development.

How should a semen sample be transported to the laboratory?

Kept at room or body temperature and delivered within one hour of collection.

What is the normal pH range of semen?

7.2 to 8.0.

What can a high viscosity in semen indicate?

It can impede testing for sperm motility and concentration.

What does the presence of neutrophils in semen indicate?

It could suggest an inflammatory condition associated with infection.

What does anti-sperm antibodies in the male indicate?

It may occur after trauma or surgical procedures and can affect fertility.

What is the purpose of the hypo-osmotic swelling test?

To evaluate sperm membrane integrity and viability.

What does the hamster egg penetration test assess?

It evaluates sperm penetration ability in relation to fertilization.