Anatomy and Phisiology intro

Anatomy

The study of the structure of an organism

Physiogy

The study of how an organism's body functions

Developmental anatomy

Changes in the human body during growth from child to adult

Embryology

Study or anatomy during first 8 weeks after conception

Surface anatomy

Using touch on the outside of the body

Regional anatomy

specialized focus on one portion of the body

Gross anatomy

A general overview of large portions of the body at one time

Microscopic anatomy

Specialized focus on cells and tissues only seen with a microscope

Systematic anatomy

studying one body system at a time

Cell

Smallest unit of all living things

Tissue

Similar cells with a common function

Organ

Made of 2 or moe types of tissues

System

Groups of organs working toward a common goal

Organism

Highest level of structural organization for an individual

Skeletal system

Provides support and protection, gives body shape

Bones, Ligaments, Cartilage, Joints

Major organs of skeletal system

Nervous system

Detects impulses from the senses; control center

Brain, Spinal Cord, Senses, Nerves

Major organs of the nervous system

circulatory system

Transports nutrients and gases around the body

Heart, blood vessels, blood

Major organs of the circulatory system

respiratory system

Exchanges gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

Lungs, sinuses, diaphragm

major organs of the respiratory system

Digestive system

Breaks down and absorbs food

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder

Major organs of digestive system

Muscular system

Provides movement for all parts of the body

Skeletal and smooth muscles

major organs of the muscular system

integumentary system

Protects the body, regulate temperature, and prevent water loss

Skin, hair, nails

Major organs of the integumentary system

Lymphatic system

Fights infection and provides fluid for cells

Spleen, thymus gland, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes

Major organs of the lymphatic system

Endocrine system

Secretes hormones

Glands (hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries or testes)

Major organs of the endocrine system

Excretory system

Removes waste from the blood

Kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra

Major organs of the excretory system

Reproductive system

Produces cells used in sexual reproduction

Female: Ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands; Male: testes, penis, prostate gland

Major organs of the reproductive system

Maintaining boundaries

Lets some substances in and keeps others out

Movement

Internal movement and ability to move through surroundings

Responsiveness

Sensing and reacting to changes in environment

Digestion

Breaking down and absorbing nutrients

Metabolism

Building larger molecules from small ones and breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones

Excretion

Removal of wastes

Reproduction

Production of offspring

Growth

Increase in cell size or overall body size

Survival needs

Nutrients, oxygen, normal body temperature, water, normal atmospheric pressure

Anatomical terminology

Helps anatomists discuss parts of the body easily and efficiently

Anatomical position

Body is straight with feet slightly apart and thumbs pointed away from the body

Directional terms

Help anatomists compare the location of one body structure to another

Planes

Anatomical structures cut or sectioned into flat surfaces

Dorsal body cavity

Encloses the brain and spinal cord

Meninges

Membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord

Ventral body cavities

Protect the visceral (internal) organs

Serosa

Double-layered membrane that lines the ventral body cavities

Visceral serosa

Inner layer of serosa

Parietal serosa

Outer layer of serosa

Serous fluid

between parietal and visceral serosa layers

A-

Not

-ation

Process

-cyte

Cell

-dynia, -algia

Pain

Hydro-

Water

Ecto-, exo-

Outside

-ectomy

Removal

Endo-

Inside

-ism

Disease

Macro-

Large

Meta-

Beyond

Micro-

Small

-ology

study of

-osis

Disease

Post-

After

Pre-

Before

Re-

Backwards

-stalsis

Contraction