Understand the terms norms, intervention, geopolitics and how they are fundamental in appreciating human rights are complex

What did common norms help to do?

To establish the UDHR

What is the definition of human rights norms?

Represent ways of living that have been inculated into the culture of a country or area over long periods of time. They are the foundation of human rights.

What are human rights based on?

Moral principles that underpin the universally accepted standards of human behaviour

What are human rights protected by?

International law

When was transgender recognition established in Ireland?

2015

What country does not allow divorce?

Philippines

Which country has no paid maternity leave?

USA

What are the statements set out in the UDHR generally accepted as?

International human rights norms

What is the definition of declaration?

An agreement which is often accepted but is not legally binding

What is the definition of a convention?

An agreement between different states where the outcome is legally binding and part of international law

What does signing a treaty show?

An intent by a state to comply with the agreement

What does it mean to ratify a treaty?

When a state consents to be legally bound to that treaty and creates legislation to enforce these laws

Which three countries is the CAT treaty found in?

UK, USA and Laos

What does the CAT treaty stand for?

Convention against torture and other cruel inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment

What is an example of a treaty that can only be found in the UK?

CAT - OP

What is an example of a country that still carries the death penalty? (Avi)

Yemen

If there is deemed to be a gross violation of Human rights what is the response?

Intervention

If a convention is ratifies what is the country legally bound to do?

All they can to uphold it by establishing nationwide legislation and committees to monitor their progress

What is an intervention legally bound to do?

End the violation of Human rights that are occurring. How it achieves this depends on the level of violations occurring

What is humanitarian intervention?

Action taken (often by a third party country or multilateral agency like the UN) in a sovereign state to protect people at risk of war, famine, flood or genocide

What does sovereignty mean?

A country should have complete control over whatever their beliefs are

Who is the only body that can legally authorise use of force in intervention?

The UN council

3 reasons why is military intervention good?

• It can be effective in stopping the violations.

• This can have immediate benefits for local communities

• Can contribute to longer term socio - economic development and political stability

5 reasons why military intervention is bad?

• Can have unintended negative impacts

• Can lead to injuries and deaths of civilians

• loss of homes and population displacement

• Cause an increase in human rights abuses

• Widen socioeconomic inequalities which already exist within a country

What are examples of intervention that does not include violence?

Economic sanctions, NGO’s and the international criminal prosecution of individuals responsible for the abuses

What is an example of an economic sanction?

Stop trade with countries deemed to have breeches of human rights

Where in real life has an economic sanction happened?

South Africa apar tide - countries encourages not trading with South Africa

What is an example of a public private partnership?

Gavi

What does Gavi do?

Brings key global immunisation specialists to help the world

What are 2 examples of charities?

Redcross and Oxfam

What does Oxfam do?

Sells old clothes in order to fight global poverty

What is an example of a human rights activist?

Amnesty international

What does amnesty international do?

Individuals come together to fight and protest for human rights

What is the most recent/ongoing economic sanction?

Imposed on Russia by the US and The EU

What does the most recent and ongoing economic sanction target?

Russia’s state finances, energy and arms sectors

Why is intervention controversial?

Meant to prevent breaches in human rights however military intervention breaks more human rights than it solves

What is one example of a human right that military intervention breaks?

The right to life

What does the term geopolitics refer to?

Global balance of political power and international relations

Why doesn’t everyone have equal power to intervene?(Economic)

Some countries and organisations have more wealth than others which will enable them to pay for any interventions

Why doesn’t everyone have equal power to intervene?(Political)

Some countries and organisations have more power to make decisions or influence the decisions of others

What is a geopolitical transition?

When geopolitical world order or power has shifted

What is an example of the most recent geopolitical transition?

The ending of the cold war from 1946-1989 in which the USA and the USSR were the 2 dominant superpowers

What is the worlds leading trading nation?

China

What country is dominant Politically and militarily?

USA

Who used to be the countries leading trading nation before it shifted to China?

USA

What are 4 examples of the supra national political and economic organisations?

UN, EU, ASEAN and OPEC