CHM 104 Unit 4 Study Guide

solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

solvent

the substance in which the solute dissolves

aqueous

dissolved in water

homogeneous mixture

a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout

heterogeneous mixture

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

saturated solution

a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions

unsaturated solution

a mixture that contains less dissolved solute than is possible at a given temperature

weak electrolyte

only a small percent ionizes; represented with equilibrium arrow

strong electrolyte

completely ionizes; represented with an arrow

non-electrolyte

none of the solute ionizes; only the state of matter changes; represented with an arrow

Combined Gas Law

P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2

A increase in volume will...

decrease pressure

An increase in temperature will...

increase pressure

Conversion of Celsius to Kelvin

K = C + 273

tastes sour

acidic solution

corrodes metal

acidic solution

reacts with carbonate to produce carbon dioxide

acidic solution

Litmus test turns red

acidic solution

produces Hydrogen [H+] in a solution

acidic solution

more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions [H+] > [OH-]

acidic solution

Neutralizes bases

acidic solution

pH < 7

acidic solution

tastes bitter

basic solution

feels slippery

basic solution

dissolves skin & hair

basic solution

Litmus test turns blue

basic solution

produces hydroxide ions in a solution

basic solution

has fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions [H+] < [OH-]

basic solution

accepts bonds with hydrogen

basic solution

neutralizes acids

basic solution

pH > 7

basic solution

both an acid and a base

water

universal solvent

water

hydrogen comes first in the name

acidic solution

acidic compound + water

acidic solution

compound: hydrogen [X]-ide

acidic solution: hydro-[X]-ic acid

compound: hydrogen [X]-ate

acidic solution: [X]-ic acid

compound: hydrogen [X]-ite

acidic solution: [X]-ous acid

strong acid

an acid that ionizes completely in a solvent

weak acid

an acid that ionizes only partially in a solvent

strong base

a base that dissociates completely into ions in solution

weak base

a base that dissociates only partially into ions in solution

pH

measurement of hydrogen ion [H+] concentration

formula to measure pH

[H+] x [OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14 M

1 in = [x] mm

25.4 mm

1 atm = [x] mm Hg

760 mm Hg