SocSci 3rd Quarter EQE

Nationalism

Defined and understood as one’s deep devotion, love, and loyalty to a particular country, especially one’s country of origin.

Civic Nationalism

Defined by shared civic and poltitical values (all citizens are part of the nation)

Ethnic Nationalism

Defined by ethnic identity which includes a common language, culture, and ethnic ancestry

Disruptive Nationalism

People under foreign domination sharing a common aspiration for national independence

Aggressive Nationalism

Act of aggression between two or more nations that differ in ideas leading to war

Contemporary Nationalism

Any nationalist events that have come after World War II

Tsar/Czar

Ruler of Russia

Romanov Dynasty

Last Dynasty of Russia which ruled from 1613 to 1917

Alexander III

Wanted to wipe out all forms of revolutions, and wanted to establish a unified Russian culture which led to the discrimination of certain groups

Pogroms

organized violence against Jews which resulted to the discrimination and death of many Jews in Russia.

Nicholas II

When this man came to power, Russia had been facing internal problems and it became worse when they participated in wars abroad that yielded them heavy losses.

Bloody Sunday Massacre of 1905

.With the onslaught of different wars that Russia joined in, unrest within the population because of the internal problems continued which led the workers to protest against the monarchy in this revolution.

Russian Revolution of 1905

The Bloody Sunday Massacre of 1905 sparked whcih revolution?

February Revolution

Actually happened on March 8, 1917 where demonstrators clamored for bread and protested in Petrograd with industrial workers.

Duma

A legislative body which formed a provisional government and caused Nicholas to abdicate.

Alexander Kerensky

Leader of the provisional government who young Russian lawyer Alexander Kerensky, established a liberal program of rights such as freedom of speech, equality before the law, and the right of unions to organize and strike.

Minister of War

Alexander Kerensky’s job

October Revolution

Happened in November, when the leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the Duma’s provisional government

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks

bourgeois capitalist class

The provisional government had been assembled by a group of leaders from Russia’s _______.

Red Army

Fought for Lenin’s Bolshevik government, winners of the civil war, killed the Romanovs

White Army

Supported by a large group of allied forces, monarchists, capitalists, and supporters of democratic socialism

Karl Marx

German philosopher, whose political and economic ideas influenced revolutionary leaders to seek reforms. His concepts of communism prompted changes in Russian politics and economy

proletariat

Marxist revolutionaries in Russia believed that workers would overthrow the czars and would eventually rule the country which they called “the dictatorship of the ____.”

Peace, Land, and Bread

Slogan of the Bolsheviks

New Economic Policy

Peasants could have small-scale businesses.
Financial institutions remained under the government
Allowed small factories and businesses to operate under private ownership

USSR

They renamed Russia to this in 1922 to honor the councils that contributed to the success of the Bolshevik Revolution.

Communist Party

The Bolshevik’s original goal of achieving a “dictatorship of the proletariat” became “dictatorship of the ______."

Joseph Stalin

Rose to power after Lenin got strokes, General Secretary

Great Purge

Where Stalin ordered the execution of those who threatened his power, including his comrades and companions, who helped in the establishment of the revolution that led to the realization of his political ambitions.

terror

Stalin exercised his power by using _______, not by constitutional principles

Gulag

any prison or detention camp, especially for political prisoners, especially in the context of Jews

Anti-Semitism

Against Jews

Agricultural Revolution

Farmers were forced to give lands to the state and kulaks fought hard for their properties which caused the death of 5-10 million farmers.

Five-Year Plans

Stalin’s political and economic plans

75%

In 1950, ___ of Soviet doctors were women.

Sun Yixian

Leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist party) who overthrew the Qing Dynasty

Germany

China expected that the Allies via the Treaty of Versailles would give back the territories seized by ______.

Japan

However, the territories once controlled by Germany (Shantung/Shandong peninsula) were given to ______.

May Fourth Movement

Chinese youth protested in Beijing against the Treaty of Versailles

greater self-rule

With the promise of _______, India provided resources and troops to Britain

Western democracy

The Nationalist Party’s failure to appease the people and failure to assert for their rights intensified the people’s desire to break away from _______.

Mao Zedong

Became China’s “greatest revolutionary leader”, leader of the Chinese Communist Party

united

When Japan invaded China, the Nationalist and Communist parties temporarily ____ to fight their common enemy.

Mohandas/Mahatma Gandhi

Led the Salt March where he promoted civil disobedience as a way of protest

Salt Law

Indians were not permitted to make salt

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Became the commander of the Turkish army, he used his military intelligence and his influence to ignite the nationalistic feeling of the Turkish people

Iran

New name of Persia

Reza Shah Pahlavi

Leader of Iran who changed its name

Ibn Saud

Started the unification of Arabia and modernized according to Islamic beliefs

roaring twenties

The United States experienced the decadence, optimism, and prosperity of the “______”.

stock market

Americans invested in the _______- because they believed that stocks or “shares” they have invested will eventually and continually increase their value.

steel, automobiles, and appliances

These investments from stocks in turn was utilized to produce goods like _______.

capital for overproduction

The investments during the rise of the stock market created _____, companies produced to a loss because demand for the goods is too few for such amount of goods produced.

decreased

Because companies are not making a profit due to overproduction their stock value or share value ___.

foreign assets

To save their economy, the United States withdrew all _____ from the recuperating economies of Austria and Germany which were hard hit by the World War 1.

large gold reserves

In France, the effect of the financial crisis was minimal at first due to its low manpower due to the human cost of the First World War, ________ balancing the monetary value via the “gold standard” , and its predominantly agricultural economy and small scale business not anchored towards the stock market.

political instability

The magnified cause which affected France during the great depression was the _____ in the French government.

Popular Front

a radical and socialist group led by Leon Blum and the French government

Leon Blum

Sought to increase the wages of workers and nationalize the economy by the state owning all major industries → bring disaster to a capitalist economy

Investors

Due to the conflict in France, ______ were put off with the volatility of the political climate in France and went to other countries which resulted to the devaluation of the franc – France’s currency at the time

devalue the pound

The solution provided by the British government to their economic problems was to ________ – which would render their exported goods cheaper thus ensuring that they could be traded rather than be wasted.

War Guilt Clause

emphasized that Germany being the sole perpetrator of the atrocities of the Great War, must unconditionally pay France, Belgium and other European countries with reparations.

Ruhr Valley

Germany could not pay the reparations and in consequence France and Belgium occupied the ____ – Germany’s coal and steel producing heartland

Weimar Republic

The combined unemployment, economic inactivity, and continued printing of money without “value” by the _____ led to hyperinflation in Germany. This led the people to hate this government installed by the allies in Germany.

authoritarianism

The unpopularity of governments in Germany and in Italy brought by the inadequacy to respond on the financial crisis made popular the ultra-nationalists and their rhetoric of _______ and militarism which foreshadowed dark times ahead.