APHG 2.5: Demographic Transition Model

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the Demographic Transition Model and Epidemiological Transition Model.

Demography

The study of population statistics.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Model used by geographers to analyze and predict trends in population growth and decline.

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

Predictable stages in disease and life expectancy that countries experience as they develop.

Birth Rate

The number of births per 1,000 people.

Death Rate

The number of deaths per 1,000 people.

Natural Increase Rate

(Birth rate - Death Rate)/10.

Total Population

The number of people in a country.

Stage One Characteristics

High Total Fertility Rate (TFR) due to high infant mortality rates.

Stage One CDR Causes

Short life expectancy, famine, disease, and warfare.

Stage One Natural Increase Rate

Low growth.

Examples of Stage Two

Less Developed Countries (LDCs) like Niger, Mali, and South Sudan.

Stage Three Characteristics

Urbanization reduces the need for child labor; healthcare improves.

Youth Dependency

Population composed mainly of young people.

Stage Four Characteristics

Life expectancy continues to increase; stabilization at low growth.

Examples of Stage Four

More Developed Countries (MDCs) like China, Australia, and the US.

Stage Five Characteristics

Replacement level fertility rate or negative growth.

Stage Five Population Composition

High elderly dependency ratio.

Pestilence and Famine Stage

The impact of infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis.

Receding Pandemics Stage

Decline of pandemics due to medical advances and improved nutrition.

Degenerative Diseases

Diseases associated with aging and lifestyle choices.

Examples of Degenerative Diseases

Heart disease and cancer.

Antibiotic Resistance

Bacteria and parasites become resistant to antibiotics.

Reemergence of Infectious Diseases

The return of diseases such as Ebola and COVID-19.

Negative Growth

Decline in population where birth rates are lower than death rates.

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

A condition where the number of births equals the number of deaths.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have during her lifetime.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

Child Mortality Rate (CMR)

The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1,000 live births.