history midterm

Herbert Hoover's diary is a

primary source

An autobiography by Theodore Roosevelt is a: 

primary source

A Vietnam veteran describing the events he witnessed during the Vietnam War is a:

primary source

A letter from a soldier fighting in World War II is a: 

primary source

A history book chapter describing the Progressive Era in American history is a: 

secondary source

A newspaper article from 1941 describing the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is a: 

primary source

The actual document of the Food and Drug Act of 1906

primary source

The actual document of the Food and Drug Act of 1906

primary source

An article in a magazine that describes how sharecroppers of North Carolina lived is a:

secondary source

A website that describes the events of James Cook's exploration of Hawaii is a: 

secondary source

The Ku Klux Klan

Was established to prevent Black liberties

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 squashed the first iteration of the: 

Ku Klux Klan

Lincoln's tone on Reconstruction plans after the Civil War: 

focused on Reconciliation

Booker T. Washington's philosophy on race relations was for African Americans to: 

assimilate and cater to White people

Steel production had grown before the Civil War in the North, but after the war grew in the South around which city? 

Birmingham

Minstrel Shows

Spread African-American culture but also perpetuated stereotypes

The Lost Cause

Was a mythology that united the Reconstructed White South

Lintheads were

Cotton factory workers in the South

Regarding Reconstruction, Southern states

Typically opposed military occupation and governance

Why did some Southern plantation owners move to Latin America after the Civil War?  

So they could own plantations after the U.S. ended slavery

For former Confederate states to re-enter the Union

the had to accept the newest amendments that gave Black men more liberties

An unexpected result of the 13th Amendment was that it led to the growth of what cultural institution? 

the African American church

President Grant was:

New to politics when he was elected

What caused the federal government to stop caring as much for African Americans through the Freedmen's Bureau? 

The Panic of 1873

Reconstruction is the time period:

After the Civil War

Which of the following best describes the economic conditions in the South immediately after the Civil War?

The South was economically devastated by the war and end of slavery

The sharecropping system after the Civil War:

was unfair for the small farmers who were involved in it

The 15^th Amendment:

Provided Black men the right to vote

Radical Republican Reconstruction relied on power and enforcement by

the military

The Hayes-Tilden Compromise: 

Officially ended Reconstruction

The 14th Amendment granted a lot of rights, but ignored who

women

lynching:

Was a method used by White people to discourage Black political participation

The Credit Mobilier and The Whiskey Ring revealed

Corruption was common in the Grant Administration

President Johnson was _____________ which meant he was put on trial by the Senate and Supreme Court.

Impeached

Plessy v. Ferguson:

Gave legal support to provisions that were segregated by race

What was Andrew Johnson's major fault as viewed by Radical Republican leadership? 

he was a Southerner

One of the economic results of the Black Codes was that it: 

provided free labor for former plantations

Poll taxes and the Understanding Clause

Were two ways to prevent Black people from voting in the South

President Andrew Johnson’s policy toward the South after the Civil War was

Treat the South lightly to reconcile

Carpetbaggers

Were northerners during Reconstruction who wanted to get rich in the South

A result of 1868 impeachment was that: 

the president had less power but remained in office

Immediately after the Civil War, southern state leadership:

was the same leaders from the Confederacy

The Thirteenth Amendment

Officially ended slavery in the United States

After the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, who became the next president? 

Andrew Johnson

After Reconstruction, the sentiment of most Southerners toward the Republican Party was:

They voted for the Democratic Party for the next 90 years

After Reconstruction, the "Solid South" referred to: 

Southern states voting Democratic for the next century

The Tenure of Office Act and the Command of Army Act technically both violated which constitutional principle? 

Separation of powers

The main goal of the Freedmen's Bureau during Reconstruction was to

help African Americans with jobs and educational opportunities

The 14^th Amendment

Officially defined who was a citizen of the U.S.

In the 1870s and 1880s, meat became easier to ship because of: 

the refrigerated boxcar

During the 1870s and 1880s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs: 

Was corrupt and typically cheated and starved Native Americans

_________ was largely responsible for bringing supplies to towns of the American West and taking cattle out of the West to meatpacking towns like Chicago. 

railroads

The lack of water in the 1880s West led to the development of: 

reservoirs

In the West, the primary role of the cowboy was to

herd cattle and sheep

The Dawes Act

Created opportunity for White people to steal land from Native Americans

One unique group that migrated to parts of Minnesota, the Dakotas, and Iowa were

Scandinavians

Regarding the Native Wars, after the Civil War:

The Army increased its efforts of attacking and removing Native Americans

Because settlers in California stated to see Chinese immigrants as an economic threat, they began restricting their rights, where they could live, and what they could do. In response, the Chinese: 

began to form tongs to fight back and support each other

Why were some many immigrants welcomed to mining towns in the American West? 

There was a labor shortage, so workers were needed, no matter ethnicity

The ________ were originally welcomed to the West to help with building the Trans-Continental Railroad but later excluded to neighborhoods and had their rights restricted by legislation. 

chinese

Because of railroad collusion

people were at the mercy of high rail freight shipping charges

In the 1870s and 1880s, novels and art

Made the West look more appealing

The Homestead Act:

Encouraged people to move out West and settle on land

Another way that caused people to fall in love the West was through presentations like

Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Shows

The Nez Perce, Sioux, and Apache

Were all hunted down by the U.S. Army ending in brutal attacks

"Drives" in the 1870s and 1880s connected which two elements? 

cattle and rail lines

Exodusters

moved to the Plains to get away from racism and find economic opportunity

As mining encouraged more people to move to the American West, the raw materials that were mined were: 

Used in factories in the Eastern part of the U.S.

People of Spanish and Mexican ancestry who remained in Texas as it swapped from Mexico to the U.S. are called: 

Tejanos

Unlike farming in the eastern part of the United States, farming in the Plains and West had to specialize in ______________ that saved water and planted drought-resistant crops. 

dry farming

When Oklahoma was opened to White settlement, the people who settled it were named: 

Sooners

As Western states filled with more people they were organized into states, except for _________ which was prevented from joining the Union until the question of polygamy was answered. 

utah

In the 1870s Californian policy makers began a racist practice of discriminating Latinos to undesirable neighborhoods called: 

barrios

The Red River Wars were waged against people who eventually settled the northern parts of what state? 

texas

One of the advantages of economies of scale like larger farms is that: 

it usually leads to cheaper prices

The invention that revolutionized cattle ranching in the American West was: 

Barbed wire

The Battle of Wounded Knee

Was effectually the last large battle between the U.S. Army and Natives

Cowboys fighting over open land in the West for the purpose of ranching grew into the:  

Range Wars

Often when Native Americans attacked White wagon trains: 

It was because White people had instigated conflicts

Some of the earliest technology used by cattle ranchers in the American West came from ______________.

Mexican vaqueros

The Comstock Lode

Was a successful mine in Nevada

For the Sioux, the Ghost Dance was

Part of religious revival

An army division of African American soldiers who fought in the West were named _____________________. 

Buffalo Solders

Little Bighorn: 

Was a loss by the American Army that fueled a final brutal push against Native Americans

One major engineering feat of the 1860s was ____________________ which linked San Francisco to Omaha in a much faster connection than the wagon

Transcontinental railroad

One way that rail companies were encouraged to build more rail lines across the American West was by: 

States and the federal government offering land as reward for rail lines

How did Wyoming encourage more people to settle its territory so it could become a state? 

It allowed women the right to vote

In the mid 1800s, Native Americans in the U.S. Plains relied heavily on which two animals for transport and food? 

Horse and buffalo

One of the most culturally destructive parts of the Dawes Act was:  

Forcing Native children to attend schools and abandon Native ways

An example of vertical integration is: 

A fast food company that owns farms, meat processing, and a soda company

Taylorism

focuses on efficiency

In the Gilded Age, Tin Pan Alley: 

helped produce more popular music

Baseball and football grew in popularity in the United States in the 1880s because: 

Machinery in factories gave people more time for leisure activities

What did industry leaders attempt to do to discredit unions in the 1880s

attempt to associate unions to anarchists

Oil and gas exploration in Pennsylvania

Was originally done to find lubricants for machinery

When "new stock" immigrants moved to the U.S. during the 1880s and 1890s, they typically lived: 

in tightly packed neighborhoods with other immigrants

In response to the Panic of 1873, President Grant: 

made poor financial decisions that extended the recession

In the Gilded Age, _____________ systems improved leading to commuting via streetcars, cablecars, subways and faster passenger ships to cross the Atlantic. 

transportation

Drinking water in urban areas during the gilded age

Was susceptible to typhoid and cholera

Social Darwinism became popular in the U.S. in the 1880s as it: 

Fit into the false ideals of the Gospel of Wealth, poverty, and racism