Chromosomes/ Sister Chromatids

growth, repair, asexual reproduction

Mitosis and Cytokinesis are responsible for 3 key events in multicellular EUKARYOTES:

mitosis

dividing phase of the cell cycle

cytokinesis

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

chromosomes

Contain a single long double helix of DNA

Chromatin

long sequence of DNA that's not really packed together

chromatid

Each of the DNA copies in a replicated chromosome is called a ______

centromere

Chromatids Are joined together at a specialized region of the chromosome called the ______

sister chromatids

Chromatids from the same chromosome are ________

single chromosome

sister chromatids are considered a _______ ________

23

humans have ____ pairs of homologous chromosomes

46

humans have ____ individual chromosomes

M phase, Interphase

Growing cells cycle between 2 phases: ______ and _____

G1, S, G2

What are the parts of Interphase?

S phase

Chromosome Replication / DNA Synthesis ONLY occurs during the _______ of the cell cycle

another round

What does G1 do in the cell cycle?
prepares the cells fresh out of mitosis for _____ _____ of DNA replication by making the necessary proteins and organelles.

M phase

What does G2 do in the cell cycle?
prepares cell for the _______

autosomes

any chromosome other than the sex chromosome

singular

At the G1 Phase, the chromosome is a _______ chromosome

sister chromatids

The S phase turns homologous chromosomes into ______ ____

ploidy

the number of different type of chromosome

haploid

having one type of chromosome (n)

diploid

having 2 of each type of chromosome (2n)

polyploid

having more than two of each type of chromosome
Ex: 3n, 4n, 5n

haploid

bacteria and archaea are ______

46

How many chromosomes are in a human skin cell BEFORE MITOSIS?

46

How many chromosomes are in a human skin cell following the S phase of the cell cycle

single

Sister chromatid are still a ____ chromosome

46

After mitosis has been completed, how many chromosomes are in this same human skin cell?

does not

when sister chromatids are pulled apart, the number of chromosomes _____ ____ change

Homologous

________ chromosomes contain the same genes in the same order along their chromosomal arms

large, organelles

G1 and G2 allow the cell to:
- grow ____ enough
- synthesize enough ____ organelles to ensure the daughter cells are normal in size and function

46

how many chromosomes should appear in cells at G1?

aren't

There ____ sister chromatids at G1

46

how many chromosomes should appear in cells at G2?

are

There ____ sister chromatids at G2

46

how many chromosomes should appear in cells at PROPHASE/METAPHASE?

are

There ____ sister chromatids at PROPHASE/METAPHASE

92

how many chromosomes should appear in cells at ANAPHASE/TELEPHASE?

aren't

There ____ sister chromatids at ANAPHASE/TELEPHASE

46

how many chromosomes should appear in cells at the END of MITOSIS?

aren't

There ____ sister chromatids at the END of MITOSIS?

Allele

Homologous pairs have the same GENES but not the same ____