HBS

Positive feedback loops

Increase the production of cellular products

Glucagon is secreted by the ____ and acts on the _____

pancreas, liver

Skeleton that involves the head and spine

axial

What type of fracture is this?

tibia, oblique

carpal means?

wrist

femoral

thigh

medial means

along the midline

the blue region is

frontal

the red region is

occupital

the green region is

temporal

orbicularis oris

lip expression

Is this nail/pin repair or plate

nail/pin

All of the following are reasons to use plate repair except

One clean repair

The order for bone remodeling is

hematoma, callus, bony callus, remodel reformation

The shoulder is an example

ball and socket joint

All of the following muscles aid in breathing except

pectoralis minimum

plantar flexion

pointing toes

if the knees are bent

knee flexion

Adduction

moves body parts in or towards the midline

What is this

mcl

What is this

lcl

What is this

patella

What is this

femur

The anterior drawer test evaluates the

acl

The posterior drawer test evaluates the

pcl

The valgus stress test evaluates the

mcl

The knee is an example of a

hinge joint

Pelvis B is a female

True

Short distance communication involves

endocrine system with hormones

Electrical impulses are created from

changes in ion concentration

The two systems responsible for cellular communication are

nervous and endocrine

The three stages in which the nervous system processes information IN ORDER are

sensory input, integration, output

Sensory information is sent to the brain using _ and then the brain sends its response using ___

interneuron, motor neuron

Which part of the neuron is responsible for creating an action potential?

axon hillock

Which pathway is correct for the direction of the action potential?

neurotransmiter, dendrite, axon hillock, axon, axon terminal

Which part of the neuron is responsible for speading up the action potential?

mylein sheath

Which cells serve as "butlers or valets" for nerve cells?

glia cells

What type of neuron am I if things such as heat, wind or chemicals activate me?

sensory

What type of neuron am I if I transmit signals to the skeletal and smooth musles?

motor

What neuron am I if I connect sensory and motor neurons?

interneuron

What is the charge on either side of the membrane for a neuron at rest?

positive on outside, negative on inside

What is the charge on either side of the membrane for a neuron in depolarization?

negative on outside, positive on inside

Which particles represent sodium ions?

green circles

Which material represents the K+ channels

red/orange ovals

What is happening in depolarization?

sodium channels open and potassium channels remain closed

What is happening in repolarization?

potassium channels open and sodium channels close

What is happening in hyperpolarization?

sodium potassium pump equalizes the correct number of ions for rest

What is RTTP?

reception, transduction, transmission and perception

In RTTP, what happens during transduction?

action potential is created

In RTTP, what happens during reception?

pain or pressure sensors are triggored

In RTTP, what happens during perception?

interpretation of pain or pressure

Which type of receptor detects sound?

mechanoreceptor

Which type of receptor detect the sugar in Kool-Aid?

chemoreceptors

Which type of receptor allows whales to migrate to warmer waters in the winter?

electromagnetic

Which type of receptor would contribute to sweating to cool and goose bumps to warm?

thermoreceptors

What cell receives the neurotransmitters?

postsynaptic

Neurotransmitters are

chemical signals

In RTTP, what happens during the first "T"?

action potential is created

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter. If an inhibor binds, how will this impact the signal pathway?

neurotransmission will continue

Pupillary reaction to light is a

involuntary reflex

Kicking a soccer ball is a

voluntary reflex

An involuntary reflex is slower than a voluntary reflex.

False

type of epithelial tissue

skin

type of connective tissue

blood and bone

type of nervous tissue

neuron

type of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

secretes insulin for blood sugar control

pancreas

secretes epinephrine

adrenals

secretes ADH

hypothalamus

secretes FSH

pituitary

secretes thyroxine for metabolism

thyroid

neurotransmitters make what possible?

the movement of a chemical signal across the synapse

When is the charge negative on the outside of the cell and positive on the inside of the cell?

depolarization

Which part of the brain is responsible for sight?

occipital

Which part of the brain is responsible for problem solving?

frontal

What type of fracture is shown below?

depression

What type of fracture is shown below?

transverse

Hips that have a sacrum tilted forward and a narrow ilia are from a

male

Long distance communication is completed using

nerve impulses

Transmit signals from spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscle

motor neuron

Connects spinal cord to sensory input

interneuron

What type of bone is in the following image?

flat

What type of bone is the following?

long

What type of bone is the following?

irregular

Positive feedback loops

increase the production of cellular products

Environmental factors affecting human survival

Water, food, shelter, air quality, and natural disasters.

Effect of temperature on enzymes

Too hot breaks them; too cold slows them down.

Effect of pH on enzymes

Wrong pH can stop enzyme activity.

Effect of concentration on enzymes

More enzyme or substrate = faster reaction (to a point).

Function of enzymes in reactions

They speed up reactions and lower needed energy.

Reactions without enzymes

Reactions are slower and use more energy.

Order of the digestive system

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Colon → Rectum → Anus.

Parts of the small intestine

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum.

Parts of the colon

Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid.

Job of the rectum

Stores poop.

Job of the anus

Releases poop.

Upper endoscopy checks

Esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Diseases diagnosed by upper endoscopy

Celiac, Whipple, and sometimes Crohn's.

Colonoscopy checks

Colon and end of the small intestine.

Disease diagnosed by colonoscopy

Crohn's disease.