photosynthesis and cellular respiration Biology H 9th

How are overall reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration linked?

They are opposites.

Glycolysis location

Cytoplasm

How much ATP does the Krebs cycle make?

Two

Electron transport chain makes how much ATP?

34

How much ATP is made in total during cellular respiration

38

What happens with Sourdough?

Lactic Acid fermentation and Alcohol fermentation

Alcohol fermentation in yeast gives off

CO2

Fermentation takes place in

Cytoplasm

Fermentation occurs when

there is no oxygen

The byproducts of fermentation are

Lactic acid and ethyl alcohol

Marathon runners have more what in their muscle cells than sprinters. This allows for more ATP.

Mitochondria

What product of cellular respiration is a gas?

CO2

Aerobic respiration happens in the

Mitochondria

A cluster of proteins spanning the membrane allowing hydrogen to pass through

ATP synthase

Organelle in plants, protists, and bacteria that helps capture sunlight

Chloroplast

Light-absorbing molecules used by plants

Pigments

Saclike membranes in chloroplasts

Thylakoids

Organism that makes its own food

Autotroph

Primary pigment in chloroplasts

Chlorophyll

Cluster of proteins found in thylakoids

Photosystem

What is the stroma

Fluid surrounding thylakoids

Organisms that consume other things

Heterotrophs

Pores on the undersides of leaves

Stomata

Structure of ADP and how to make ATP

Add a phosphate; energy is needed to add a phosphate

Role of mobile electron carriers (NADH)

Accept hydrogen ions and carry electrons

Light-independent reaction synonym

Calvin Cycle

Carbon compounds enter as what and leave as three-carbon molecules

Enter as CO2 and leave as G3P

Reactants for photosynthesis

CO₂, H₂O, and sunlight

What break up releases hydrogen ions and concentration is higher outside the thylakoid?

Water

Gases diffuse through stomata; when stomata close, what can’t enter, decreasing the rate of photosynthesis.

Carbon Dioxide

Ultimate source of energy for living things

Sunlight

Pathway followed when oxygen is available

Aerobic respiration

Why does glycolysis have a net gain of only 2 ATP?

Other ATP molecules are needed to start the reaction.

Krebs cycle location

Matrix

Another name for the Krebs cycle

Citric acid cycle

Plants make food to later use but animals must

eat food to later be used

What process happens when there is not enough O2

Anerobic Respiration

Final electron acceptor in ETC

Oxygen

NADH and FAH carry their high energy electrons to help change

Concentration gradient and chemiosmosis

Hydrogen ions rush through ATP synthase to move

with the concentration gradient

During light dependent reaction, what has to happen for ATP synthase to function properly

Hydrogen ions must go through chemiosmosis

What gassy reactant is used up in cellular respiration

Oxygen

Plants, protists, and bacteria go though photosynthesis. What goes through cellular respiration?

All living organisms

What is energy transformed to in photosynthesis?

Light energy into food/chemical energy

Why does seed germination happen?

Seed has no leaves to go through photosynthesis

What is the definition of germination

To start growing

Describe the importance of the cytochrome complex

It transfers electrons between PSII and PSI and uses some of their energy to pump protons H+ into the thylakoid, building a gradient to make ATP

Where is there a higher concentration of electrons in the chloroplast? Explain how this is like a rechargeable battery.

Inside the thylakoid lumen. It acts like a battery, storing potential energy that powers ATP synthase to produce ATP.

List the proteins the excited electron travels though

Photosystem II, Cytochrome complex, Photosystem I, and NADP+ Reductase

When do dark reactions take place?

Anytime

Explain the importance of RuBisCo enzyme in the first step of photosynthesis

RuBidCo captures carbon dioxide from air+attaches it to RuBp, beginning to make sugars. Without it, plants couldn’t turn carbon dioxide into usable carbon compounds.

Define cellular respiration

The process where cells break down glucose and other food molecules to produce ATP

Write the equation for cellular respiration below

C6H12O6+6O2 into 6CO2+6H2O+ATP

List the three stages of cellular respiration

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain