Urinary System Clinical Cases

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Infection of any part of the urinary system.

Urethritis

Infection of the urethra.

Cystitis

Infection of the bladder.

Pyelitis or Pyelonephritis

Infection of the kidney.

Females are more susceptible for 2 reasons:

-The urethra is shorter than males.

-The external urethral orifice is situated proximal to the anal opening.

Kidney Stones

Hard deposits that form inside the kidney that are composed of mineral and acid salts.

What causes kidney stones?

Often caused by poor diet (excess Vitamin D), certain metabolic diseases, heredity, or improper hydration

Lithotripsy

Often done for kidney stones % gallstones, soundwaves that deteriorate stones.

Renal (kidney) failure

Condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste products from the blood. 

What causes/ leads to renal (kidney) failure

Can be caused by acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease.