Jalaluddin Mohd Akbar

Akbar

1556-1605

Birth of Akbar

15th October 1542 in Amarkot

Father, Mother and Guardian of Akbar

Father- Humayun
Mother- Hamida Bano Begum

Guardian- Bairam Khan- Army chief of Humayun

When did Hemu took over the throne in Delhi and what was he known as?

1556- after Humayun’s death- came to be known as Hemchandra Vikramaditya

Where did the coronation of Akbar take place?

Kalander, Gurdaspur, Punjab- was declared the next Mughal ruler by Bairam Khan- Akbar was on a mission here when Hemu attacked Delhi

2nd Battle of Panipat

1556

Akbar and Bairam Khan + Hemu (defeated)

Akbar became the emperor- administration controlled by Bairam Khan

How old was Akbar when he defeated Hemu in the 2nd Battle of Panipat?

13yrs and 4 months

Battle of Tilwada

1560

Akbar + Bairam Khan (defeated)

Curtain Rule/ Petikot Rule

1560-1562- decisions taken by Akbar on advice from Maham Anga (died in 1562)

9 Gems of Akbar

Birbal- Prime Minister

Todar Mal- Revenue Minister

Abul Fazal- Poet

Tansen- Musician

Faizi- Poet

Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Khana- Poet

Mulla-do-Pyaza- Chef and Chief Advisor

Man Singh- Army Chief

Hakim Humam- Doctor

Real name of Birbal

Mahesh Das

Real Name of Tansen

His Guru and whom did he work for before Akbar

Real name- Ram Tanu Pandey

Guru- Haridas

King of Rewa- Ramchandra Dev

Who is credited with creating ragas and tunes of Hindustani Classical Music?

Tansen

Who was given the title of Mariyam-uz-Zamani?

Harkha Bai- married in 1562- daughter of King Bharmel, Ajmer

Under which Mughal emperor was slavery abolished and Sati System prohibited?

Akbar

When was Jalaluddin given the title of Akbar and why?

1564 after he abolished Jazia and Pilgrimage tax

Which ruler’s administration was followed by Akbar?

Sher Shah Suri

Akbar was a great follower of whom?

Sheikh Salim Chishti- built the city of Fatehpur Sikri

Which was the 1st planned city of Mughals?

Fatehpur Sikri

Cities estd by Akbar

Fatehpur Sikri (built after Gujarat Mission in 1572) and Muksudabad which was later called Murshidabad

When did Akbar see sea for the first time and met the Portuguese?

1572- while on Gujarat Mission

Monuments under Akbar

Buland Darwaza, Agra- built to commemorate victory over Gujarat

Ibadat Khana

panch mahal

Mariyam Mahal

Tomb of Shiekh Salim Chishti

Red Forts in Agra, Lahore, Allahbad

Battle of Tukaroi

1575

Akbar+ Sultanates of Bihar and Bengal (defeated)

Battle of Haldighati

1576

Akbar- sent Man Singh + Maharana Pratap Singh (defeated)

Who was the Mughal emperor and Sikh Guru when Amritsar was built?

Mughal emperor- Akbar- gifted 500 bigha land to 4th Sikh Guru- Guru Ramdas who built Amritsar

Who built the Golden Temple and what was it called earlier?

1589 by 5th Sikh Guru Arjan Dev- earlier known as Gurudwara Harminder Sahib

Who laid the foundation stone of the Golden Temple?

Hazrat Miya Mir

Who coated the temple with Gold?

First Independent ruler of Punjab- Maharaja Ranjit Singh

When and who issued Mahazarnama?

1579 by Akbar- last decision by Badshah

Religion issued by Akbar and who was the only Hindu to accept it?

Din-E-Ilahi in 1582- Birbal only hindu to accept it

When did Akbar shift the capital to Prayag?

1583- renamed the city Ilahbas
Started Ilahi coins and Ilahi Samvat

What is Akbar’s ruling period also known as?

Golden Age of Literature

Under whose rule was Mahabharat translated to Persian language and by whom?

Akbar and was renamed Razma Nama. Translated by Abdul Qadir Badauni

In which year did Akbar annex Kashmir?

1586

Revenue system introduced by Akbar

Zabti aka Dahsala System

Who introduced Mansabdari system?

Akbar- Governor of a place for administration

What were the horsemen known as during Akbar’s reign?

Sawar

Land Revenue Systems introduced by Akbar

1. Polaj-land cultivated for each session

2. Parauti- left fallow for a time to recover its sstrength

3. Chachar- left fallow for 3-4 years

4. Banjar- left uncultivated for more than 5 years

Military head under Akbar

Mir Bakshi/ Mir Faujdar

Who was the first British that came to India and during which ruler’s reign?

John Mildenhold by road during Akbar’s reign in 1599

Who was the Britisher who visited the court of Akbar?

Rolph Fench

British crown- Queen Elizabeth

Who was the Mughal emperor when British EIC was estd

Akbar on Dec 31, 1600

When was Abul Fazl killed?

1602 by Salim with Veer Singh Bundela’s help

Death and tomb of Akbar

1605

Tomb- Sikanddera, Agra

Biography of Akbar

Ain-E- Akbari by Abul Fazl- written in 3 parts- administration, army, revenue
Mentions Gaz- unit of measuring land- divided into 24 equal parts known as Tassuj